Nginx 高级扩展实例
一、首先安装Nginx:[*]# yum -y install pcre-devel
[*]
[*]# groupadd -r nginx
[*]# useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
[*]
[*]# tar xf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
[*]# cd nginx-1.2.3
[*]# ./configure \
[*]--prefix=/usr \
[*]--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
[*]--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
[*]--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
[*]--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
[*]--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid\
[*]--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
[*]--user=nginx \
[*]--group=nginx \
[*]--with-http_ssl_module \
[*]--with-http_flv_module \
[*]--with-http_stub_status_module \
[*]--with-http_gzip_static_module \
[*]--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
[*]--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
[*]--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
[*]--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
[*]--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
[*]--with-pcre
[*]
[*]# make && make install
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx,内容如下:
[*]#!/bin/sh
[*]#
[*]# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
[*]#
[*]# chkconfig: - 85 15
[*]# description:Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
[*]# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
[*]# processname: nginx
[*]# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[*]# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
[*]# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
[*]
[*]# Source function library.
[*]. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
[*]
[*]# Source networking configuration.
[*]. /etc/sysconfig/network
[*]
[*]# Check that networking is up.
[*][ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
[*]
[*]nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
[*]prog=$(basename $nginx)
[*]
[*]NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[*]
[*][ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
[*]
[*]lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
[*]
[*]make_dirs() {
[*] # make required directories
[*] user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
[*] options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
[*] for opt in $options; do
[*] if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
[*] value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
[*] if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
[*] # echo "creating" $value
[*] mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
[*] fi
[*] fi
[*] done
[*]}
[*]
[*]start() {
[*] [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[*] [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
[*] make_dirs
[*] echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
[*] daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
[*] retval=$?
[*] echo
[*] [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
[*] return $retval
[*]}
[*]
[*]stop() {
[*] echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
[*] killproc $prog -QUIT
[*] retval=$?
[*] echo
[*] [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
[*] return $retval
[*]}
[*]
[*]restart() {
[*] configtest || return $?
[*] stop
[*] sleep 1
[*] start
[*]}
[*]
[*]reload() {
[*] configtest || return $?
[*] echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
[*] killproc $nginx -HUP
[*] RETVAL=$?
[*] echo
[*]}
[*]
[*]force_reload() {
[*] restart
[*]}
[*]
[*]configtest() {
[*]$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
[*]}
[*]
[*]rh_status() {
[*] status $prog
[*]}
[*]
[*]rh_status_q() {
[*] rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
[*]}
[*]
[*]case "$1" in
[*] start)
[*] rh_status_q && exit 0
[*] $1
[*] ;;
[*] stop)
[*] rh_status_q || exit 0
[*] $1
[*] ;;
[*] restart|configtest)
[*] $1
[*] ;;
[*] reload)
[*] rh_status_q || exit 7
[*] $1
[*] ;;
[*] force-reload)
[*] force_reload
[*] ;;
[*] status)
[*] rh_status
[*] ;;
[*] condrestart|try-restart)
[*] rh_status_q || exit 0
[*] ;;
[*] *)
[*] echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
[*] exit 2
[*]esac
而后为此脚本赋予执行权限:
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动:
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on
而后就可以启动服务并测试了:
# service nginx start
二、URL重写:
格式如下
rewrite
例:rewrite /images/(.*\.jpg) http://192.168.80.146/images/$1 permanent;
将访问本机的任何以.jpg结尾的都永久重定向到http://192.168.80.146/images/下的.jpg去
标识有以下四种:
last —— 持续标识,替换后的规则在继续匹配,拿更改后的地址重新去匹配,会产生死循环
例:location /image/ {
rewrite /images/.*\.jpg http://192.168.80.143/images/a.jpg last;
}
这样就残生死循环了,所以在定义的时候要避免重复
break —— 结束标识,表示到此为止,不再继续匹配
redirect —— 临时重定向标识,http协议代码为302
permanent —— 永久重定向标识,http协议代码为301
例:在192.168.80.146上定义重写如下
location / {
rewrite ^/forum/(test.html)$ http://192.168.80.143/bbs/$1 permanent;
}
# server nginx restart
并在192.168.80.143上建立/var/www/html/bbs/test.html文件
在浏览器中输入http://192.168.80.146/forum/test.html 访问看看:
可以看到自动重写为http://192.168.80.143/bbs/test.html
这里重定向也可以使用if指令:
语法: if (condition) { ... }
应用环境: server, location
条件:
1、变量名; false values are: empty string ("", or any string starting with "0";)
2、对于变量进行的比较表达式,可使用=或!=进行测试;
3、正则表达式的模式匹配:
~区分大小的模式匹配
~* 不区分字母大小写的模式匹配
!~ 和 !~* 分别对上面的两种测试取反
4、测试文件是否存在-f或!-f
5、测试目录是否存在-d或!-d
6、测试目录、文件或链接文件的存在性-e或!-e
7、检查一个文件的执行权限-x或!-x
例:如果用户请求的页面不存在,实现自定义跳转:
if (!-f $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(/.*)$ /rewrite.html permanent;
}
三、配置反向代理缓存:
nginx : 192.168.80.146
web1:192.168.80.143
web1配置:
[*]# yum -y install httpd
[*]# echo "web1" > /var/www/html/index.html
[*]# service httpd start
nginx配置:
[*]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[*]worker_processes1;
[*]events {
[*] worker_connections1024;
[*]}
[*]http {
[*] include mime.types;
[*] default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
[*] proxy_cache_path /var/www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=mycache:20mmax_size=2048m inactive=60m; //指定缓存目录/var/www/cache,levels定义缓存级别,缓存名字mycache,最大缓存2048M,非活动时间
[*] proxy_temp_path /var/www/cache/tmp;//临时缓存目录
[*] sendfile on;
[*] keepalive_timeout65;
[*] server {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_namelocalhost;
[*] location / {
[*] proxy_pass http://192.168.80.143;//指定web服务器
[*] proxy_cache mycache; //指定前面定义的缓存名字
[*] proxy_cache_valid 200 302 60m;//定义http协议200,302 的缓存60min
[*] proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; //http协议404缓存1min
[*] }
[*] error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;
[*] location = /50x.html {
[*] root html;
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]# mkdir -p /var/www/cache
[*]# service nginx restart
配置好了以后先访问先80.146看到是默认nginx的页面:
之后我们启动服务开始代理,在访问80.146看到的后端web1的页面:
四、nginx负载均衡:
nginx:192.168.80.146
web1:192.168.80.143
web2:192.168.80.144(web2同web1即可)
[*]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[*]worker_processes1;
[*]events {
[*] worker_connections1024;
[*]}
[*]http {
[*] include mime.types;
[*] default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
[*] upstream peace { //名字为peace
[*] server 192.168.80.143 weight=1; //定义节点信息,weight指定权重
[*] server 192.168.80.144 weight=2;
[*] }
[*] sendfile on;
[*] keepalive_timeout65;
[*] server {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_namelocalhost;
[*] location / {
[*] proxy_pass http://peace; //引用peace的负载均衡
[*] }
[*] error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;
[*] location = /50x.html {
[*] root html;
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]# service nginx restart
下面访问下nginx可以看到有轮询
但是这里有个问题就是没有状态检查,有错误时还照样轮询,所以这里使用第三方来做健康监测
五、nginx 负载均衡+ 第三方模块,健康状态检测
开始打算用cep21-healthcheck_nginx_upstreams-16d6ae7.zip来做的,但是发现有版本错误,在网上找了篇文章,http://www.myhack58.com/Article/sort099/sort0102/2012/34260.htm 可以再1.2.1以上使用了,结合了healthcheck_nginx_upstreams的来做
https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module 下载软件
需要打补丁,并且重新编译
[*]# unzip yaoweibin-nginx_upstream_check_module-v0.1.6-17-gdfee401.zip
[*]
[*]# cd nginx-1.2.3
[*]# patch -p1 < /root/yaoweibin-nginx_upstream_check_module-dfee401/check_1.2.1+.patch
[*]
[*](如果nginx版本不是1.2.1以上的,用patch -p1 < /usr/local/yaoweibin-nginx_upstream_check_module-dfee401/check.patch打补丁)
[*]
[*] # ./configure \
[*]--prefix=/usr \
[*]--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
[*]--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
[*]--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
[*]--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
[*]--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid\
[*]--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
[*]--user=nginx \
[*]--group=nginx \
[*]--with-http_ssl_module \
[*]--with-http_flv_module \
[*]--with-http_stub_status_module \
[*]--with-http_gzip_static_module \
[*]--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
[*]--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
[*]--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
[*]--with-pcre \
[*]--add-module=/root/yaoweibin-nginx_upstream_check_module-dfee401/
[*]
[*]# make && make install
修改配置文件:
[*]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[*]worker_processes1;
[*]events {
[*] worker_connections1024;
[*]}
[*]http {
[*] include mime.types;
[*] default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
[*] upstream peace {
[*] server 192.168.80.143 weight=1;//指定节点web1
[*] server 192.168.80.144 weight=2;//指定节点web2
[*] check interval=1000 rise=2 fall=2 timeout=1000;//interval检测间隔时间,rsie请求2次正常的话为up,fail请求2次失败的话为down,timeout检查超时时间(毫秒)
[*] check_http_send "GET /.test.html HTTP/1.0";//所发送的检测请求
[*] }
[*] sendfile on;
[*] keepalive_timeout65;
[*] server {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_namelocalhost;
[*] location / {
[*] proxy_pass http://peace;//引用
[*] }
[*] location /status { //定义一个类似stub_status的方式输出检测信息
[*]check_status;
[*] }
[*] error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;
[*] location = /50x.html {
[*] root html;
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]# service nginx restart
下面访问下192.168.80.146/status可以看到两台都up,并且页面正常:
之后关闭一台web2,可以看到已经down,并且访问都是web1工作:
至此Nginx的相关扩展就结束了,如有错误请指出,非常感谢!
页:
[1]