安装配置kvm
一、环境系统 CentOS6.4x64最小化安装
二、安装
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#安装epel
# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# sed -i 's@#b@b@g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# sed-i 's@mirrorlist@#mirrorlist@g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
查看cpu是否支持kvm虚拟化
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#查询有结果表明支持kvm虚拟化
# egrep "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dts tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid
#安装kvm模块
# yum install qemu-kvm -y
# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 534840
kvm 3165061 kvm_intel
# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/sbin/ #配置软连接
#安装管理工具
# yum install virt-manager python-virtinst libvirt libvirt-python qemu-kvm-tools -y
#启动libvirtd
# service libvirtd start
Starting libvirtd daemon:
三、创建虚拟机
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#创建一个大小10G的硬盘镜像文件
# mkdir -p /data/kvm/{os,hosts}
# qemu-img create -f raw /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw 10G
Formatting '/data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240
# ll /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10737418240 Jul 28 17:50 /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw
#查看磁盘信息
# qemu-img info /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw
image: /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw
file format: raw
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 0
#从光盘复制安装文件到系统中
# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/data/kvm/os/centos64.iso
8502692+0 records in
8502692+0 records out
4353378304 bytes (4.4 GB) copied, 127.289 s, 34.2 MB/s
# ll -h /data/kvm/os/centos64.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.1G Jul 28 18:00 /data/kvm/os/centos64.iso
#创建网桥br0
# cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.1.16
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# ifup br0
使用virsh创建一台虚拟机
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# virt-install --virt-type kvm--name vm1 --ram 512 --cdrom=/data/kvm/os/centos64.iso --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel6 --disk path=/data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw --network bridge=br0
Starting install...
Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to
the console to complete the installation process.
# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5900 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2459/qemu-kvm
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1340/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1416/master
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1340/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1416/master
#虚拟机的配置信息默认写在一个文件中
# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu
total 8
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jul 28 18:08 networks
-rw------- 1 root root 3024 Jul 28 18:22 vm1.xml #对应的虚拟机
通过vnc连接进行虚拟机安装，过程略
安装完成后查看虚拟机
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# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- vm1 shut off #关闭状态
#启动虚拟机vm1
# virsh start vm1
Domain vm1 started
# virsh list #只能查看启动了的虚拟机
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 vm1 running
#虚拟机启动后vm1还处于监听状态
# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5900 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 24174/qemu-kvm
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1340/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1416/master
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1340/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1416/master
使用vnc登陆到vm1，如图
kvm虚拟机默认是使用NAT方式来上网的，我们需要配置成桥接模式，配置过程请参考
http://www.chenyudong.com/archives/libvirt-kvm-bridge-network.html
下面给出修改后的网卡配置文件信息
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# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR=192.168.1.15
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BRIDGE=br0
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.1.16
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#调整内核参数，使桥接生效
# sysctl -p
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 #主要就是这3条
#查看结果，能看到br0已经桥接到eth0上了
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c294ebc48 no eth0
vnet0
在kvm虚拟机中查看先关信息如下，且能ping通外网
kvm虚拟机默认不支持virsh shutdown domain-name的方式关闭虚拟机，需要安装acpid,并启动服务
在kvm虚拟机中执行如下2条命令
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#kvm虚拟机中的操作
yum install acpid -y
service acpid start
#宿主机中的操作
# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 vm1 running
# virsh shutdown vm1
Domain vm1 is being shutdown
# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 vm1 running
# virsh list
Id Name State #结果显示虚拟机已经被关系了
----------------------------------------------------
#再重新启动虚拟机
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- vm1 shut off
# virsh start vm1
Domain vm1 started
# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm1 running
四、为kvm虚拟机添加console功能
1、添加ttyS0的安全许可，允许root登录:
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# echo "ttyS0" >> /etc/securetty
2、在/etc/grub.conf文件中为内核添加参数:console=ttyS0这步要注意：console=ttyS0一定要放在kernel这行中(大约在第16行)，不能单独一行，即console=ttyS0是kernel的一个参数，不是单独的，如下（往右拉进度条，在最后）：
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cat -n /etc/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:You have a /boot partition.This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/vda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_rootKEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet console=ttyS0
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
3、在/etc/inittab中添加agetty:
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S0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty ttyS0 115200
4、重启客户机:
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# reboot
最后切换到kvm虚拟机
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virsh console vm1
五、管理虚拟机
A.拷贝一个虚拟机
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#首先导出一个xml
# virsh dumpxml vm1 >q.xml
# ll
total 60
-rw-------. 1 root root2783 Jul 28 16:49 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root3298 Jul 28 16:50 cobbler.ks
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20504 Jul 28 16:49 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root5882 Jul 28 16:48 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root2228 Jul 28 16:50 ks-post.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1 Jul 28 16:50 ks-post-nochroot.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root1162 Jul 28 16:42 ks-pre.log
-rw-r--r--1 root root2803 Jul 28 20:51 q.xml
#cp一个镜像
# cp /data/kvm/hosts/vm1.raw /data/kvm/hosts/q.raw
#编辑q.xml文件
# cp q.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/
# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/q.xml
<name>vm2</name> #将name修改成vm2
<source file='/data/kvm/hosts/q.raw'/> #指定我们新复制的镜像文件
<uuid>d0071932-59fd-4579-9521-104e7b0808f1</uuid> #修改uuid
<mac address='52:54:00:25:be:42'/> #修改mac地址
#定义新的虚拟机vm2
# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/q.xml
Domain vm2 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/q.xml
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- vm1 shut off
- vm2 shut off
#启动虚拟机
# virsh start vm2
Domain vm2 started
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
4 vm2 running
- vm1 shut off
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