Oracle11g R2单实例+asm

史蒂夫和斯凯

1、安装操作OREL5系统
1.1、过程略

1.2、添加4块磁盘

2、检查rpm包
　　[root@asmone opt]# rpm -q binutilscompat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibcglibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
　　从安装介质查找、上传、安装缺少的包(其中oracleasmlib是asmlib需要的)：
　　[root@asmone opt]# rpm -ivh *.rpm

　　warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key>　　Preparing...        ########################################### [100%]
　　1:oracleasmlib     ########################################### [ 20%]
　　2:numactl-devel     ########################################### [ 40%]
　　3:libaio-devel      ########################################### [60%]
　　4:unixODBC       ########################################### [ 80%]
　　5:unixODBC-devel    ########################################### [100%]
　　[root@asmone opt]#
3、创建目录以及相应的用户
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd asmadmin
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd asmdba
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd asmoper
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd oinstall
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd dba
　　[root@asmone opt]# groupadd oper
　　[root@asmone opt]# useradd -g oinstall -Gasmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
　　[root@asmone opt]# useradd -g oinstall -Gdba,oper,asmdba oracle
　　[root@asmone opt]# passwd oracle
　　Changing password for user oracle.
　　New UNIX password:
　　BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionaryword
　　Retype new UNIX password:
　　passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
　　[root@asmone opt]# passwd grid
　　Changing password for user grid.
　　New UNIX password:
　　BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
　　Retype new UNIX password:
　　passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
　　[root@asmone opt]# mkdir -p /u01/gridbase
　　[root@asmone opt]# mkdir -p /u01/gridhome
　　[root@asmone opt]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/
　　[root@asmone opt]# mkdir -p/u01/product/oracle
　　[root@asmone opt]# mkdir -p/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1
　　[root@asmone opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01/product/
　　[root@asmone opt]# chmod 775 /u01/
　　[root@asmone opt]#
4、配置用户环境变量
　　[root@asmone opt]# su - grid
　　[grid@asmone ~]$ vi .bash_profile
　　[grid@asmone ~]$ source .bash_profile
　　[grid@asmone ~]$
　　grid用户脚本如下：
　　# .bash_profile
　　# OS User:grid
　　# Application:Oracle Grid Infrastructure

　　# Version: Oracle 11g>　　# Get the aliases and functions
　　if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
　　. ~/.bashrc
　　fi
　　alias ls="ls -FA"
　　# ORACLE_SID

　　# Specifies the Oracle system>　　# for the Automatic Storage Management(ASM)instance
　　# running on this node.
　　# Each RAC node must have a uniqueORACLE_SID.
　　# (i.e. +ASM1, +ASM2,...)
　　ORACLE_SID=+ASM; exportORACLE_SID
　　#JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; exportJAVA_HOME
　　ORACLE_BASE=/u01/gridbase ; export ORACLE_BASE
　　ORACLE_HOME=/u01/gridhome ; export ORACLE_HOME
　　ORACLE_TERM=vt100 ;  export ORACLE_TERM
　　NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYYHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
　　ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; exportORA_NLS11
　　PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
　　PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
　　PATH=${PATH}:/app/product/common/app/bin
　　export PATH
　　LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
　　LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
　　LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
　　export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
　　CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

　　export>　　export TEMP=/tmp
　　export TMPDIR=/tmp
　　umask 022
　　[root@asmone opt]# su - oracle
　　[oracle@asmone ~]$ vi .bash_profile
　　[oracle@asmone ~]$ source .bash_profile
　　asmone$
　　oracle用户脚本如下：
　　# User specific environment and startupprograms
　　BASH_ENV=$HOME/.BASHRC
　　export BASH_ENV
　　export TEMP=/tmp
　　export TMPDIR=/tmp
　　PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
　　PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
　　PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
　　PATH=${PATH}:/app/product/common/app/bin
　　export PATH
　　ORACLE_SID=asmonedb; export ORACLE_SID
　　ORACLE_BASE=/u01/product/oracle;   export ORACLE_BASE
　　ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0/db_1;  export ORACLE_HOME
　　ORACLE_TERM=vt100;export ORACLE_TERM
　　export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
　　LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib;exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH
　　#JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java;  export JAVA_HOME
　　CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
　　CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

　　export>　　set -u
　　PS1=`hostname`'$';exportPS1
　　EDITOR=/bin/vi; export EDITOR
　　alias ll='ls -l';
　　alias ls='ls --color';
　　alias his='history';
　　umask 022
5、配置操作系统参数
5.1、配置/etc/hosts
　　[root@asmone opt]# cat /etc/hosts
　　# Do not remove the following line, orvarious programs
　　# that require network functionality willfail.
　　127.0.0.1     localhost.localdomainlocalhost
　　192.168.1.111 asmone
　　[root@asmone opt]#
　　注意：确保红字行没有对应主机名称，一般可以去掉ip6
5.2、配置内核参数
　　[root@asmone opt]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
　　[root@asmone opt]# sysctl –p
　　fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
　　fs.file-max = 6815744
　　kernel.shmall = 2097152
　　kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
　　kernel.shmmni = 4096
　　kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
　　net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
　　net.core.rmem_default = 262144
　　net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
　　net.core.wmem_default = 262144
　　net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
5.3、配置用户shell limits权限
　　[root@asmone opt]# vi/etc/security/limits.conf
　　[root@asmone opt]#
　　grid soft nproc 2047
　　grid hard nproc 32768
　　grid soft nofile 1024
　　grid hard nofile 250000
　　oracle soft nproc 2047
　　oracle hard nproc 32768
　　oracle soft nofile 1024
　　oracle hard nofile 250000
　　[root@asmone opt]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
　　session  required  pam_limits.so
　　[root@asmone opt]# vi /etc/profile
　　[root@asmone opt]# source /etc/profile
　　if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] || [\$USER = "grid" ]; then
　　if [\$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
　　ulimit -p 16384
　　ulimit -n 65536
　　else
　　ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
　　fi
　　umask 022
　　fi
5.4、禁掉SELinux
　　[root@asmone opt]# cat /etc/selinux/config
　　# This file controls the state of SELinuxon the system.
　　# SELINUX= can take one of these threevalues:
　　#    enforcing- SELinux security policy is enforced.
　　#    permissive- SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
　　#    disabled- SELinux is fully disabled.
　　SELINUX=disabled
　　# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use.Possible values are:
　　#    targeted- Only targeted network daemons are protected.
　　#    strict- Full SELinux protection.
　　SELINUXTYPE=targeted
　　[root@asmone opt]#
6、配置asmlib并创建asm磁盘
6.1、检查是否已经安装相应的包
　　[root@asmone opt]# rpm -qa --queryformat"%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n"| grep oracleasm | sort
　　oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5-2.0.5-1.el5 (i686)
　　oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5 (i386)
　　oracleasm-support-2.1.4-1.el5 (i386)
　　[root@asmone opt]#
6.2、配置asmlib
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmconfigure -i
　　Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
　　This will configure the on-boot propertiesof the Oracle ASM library
　　driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
　　loaded on boot and what permissions it willhave. The current values
　　will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting  without typing an
　　answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
　　Default user to own the driver interface[]: grid
　　Default group to own the driver interface[]: asmadmin
　　Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot(y/n) [n]: y
　　Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n)[y]: y
　　Writing Oracle ASM library driverconfiguration: done
　　[root@asmone ~]#
6.3、加载oracleasm内核模块
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm init
　　Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point:/dev/oracleasm
　　Loading module "oracleasm":oracleasm
　　Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem:/dev/oracleasm
　　[root@asmone ~]#
6.4、创建asm磁盘
　　[root@asmone ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
　　Device contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
　　Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes willremain in memory only,
　　until you decide to write them. After that,of course, the previous
　　content won't be recoverable.
　　The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 1044.
　　There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
　　and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
　　1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
　　2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
　　(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
　　Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
　　Command (m for help): n
　　Command action
　　e  extended
　　p  primary partition (1-4)
　　p
　　Partition number (1-4): 1
　　First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):
　　Using default value 1
　　Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-1044, default 1044):
　　Using default value 1044
　　Command (m for help): w

　　The partition table has been>　　Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
　　Syncing disks.
　　同上创建/dev/sdc1、/dev/sdd1、/dev/sde1即可。
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmcreatedisk DISK0 /dev/sdb1
　　Writing disk header: done
　　Instantiating disk: done
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmcreatedisk DISK1 /dev/sdc1
　　Writing disk header: done
　　Instantiating disk: done
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmcreatedisk DISK2 /dev/sdd1
　　Writing disk header: done
　　Instantiating disk: done
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmcreatedisk DISK3 /dev/sde1
　　Writing disk header: done
　　Instantiating disk: done
　　[root@asmone ~]#
　　[root@asmone ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasmlistdisks
　　DISK0
　　DISK1
　　DISK2
　　DISK3
　　[root@asmone ~]#
7、安装grid
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ ./runInstaller
　　Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
　　Checking Temp space: must be greater than80 MB.  Actual 10798 MB  Passed
　　Checking swap space: must be greater than150 MB.  Actual 1027 MB  Passed
　　Checking monitor: must be configured todisplay at least 256 colors.  Actual16777216  Passed
　　Preparing to launch Oracle UniversalInstaller from /tmp/OraInstall2013-10-03_11-31-01AM. Please wait...[grid@asmone grid]$

　　[root@asmone opt]# /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
　　Changing permissions of /u01/oraInventory.
　　Adding read,write permissions for group.
　　Removing read,write,execute permissions forworld.
　　Changing groupname of /u01/oraInventory tooinstall.
　　The execution of the script is complete.
　　[root@asmone opt]# /u01/gridhome/root.sh
　　Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
　　The following environment variables are setas:
　　ORACLE_OWNER= grid
　　ORACLE_HOME= /u01/gridhome
　　Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:
　　Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
　　Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　Creating /etc/oratab file...
　　Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by
　　Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created
　　Finished running generic part of root.shscript.
　　Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.
　　2013-10-03 12:03:58: Checking for superuser privileges
　　2013-10-03 12:03:58: User has super userprivileges
　　2013-10-03 12:03:58: Parsing the host name
　　Using configuration parameter file:/u01/gridhome/crs/install/crsconfig_params
　　Creating trace directory
　　LOCAL ADD MODE
　　Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp'oinstall'..
　　Operation successful.
　　CRS-4664: Node asmone successfully pinned.
　　Adding daemon to inittab
　　CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been started.
　　ohasd is starting
　　ADVM/ACFS is not supported onoraclelinux-release-5-6.0.1
　　asmone  2013/10/03 12:04:23  /u01/gridhome/cdata/asmone/backup_20131003_120423.olr
　　Successfully configured Oracle GridInfrastructure for a Standalone Server
　　Updating inventory properties forclusterware
　　Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
　　Checking swap space: must be greater than500 MB.  Actual 1027 MB  Passed
　　The inventory pointer is located at/etc/oraInst.loc
　　The inventory is located at/u01/oraInventory
　　'UpdateNodeList' was successful.
　　[root@asmone opt]#
8、检查安装结果
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ srvctl status asm
　　ASM is running on asmone
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ srvctl status listener
　　Listener LISTENER is enabled
　　Listener LISTENER is running on node(s):asmone
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ ps -ef | grep asm
　　avahi  3035   1 0 11:03 ?    00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running[asmone.local]
　　grid   8393   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
　　grid   8397   1 012:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_vktm_+ASM
　　grid   8403   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASM
　　grid   8407   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_diag_+ASM
　　grid   8411   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
　　grid   8415   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_dia0_+ASM
　　grid   8419   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
　　grid   8423   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
　　grid   8427   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
　　grid   8431   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
　　grid   8435   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
　　grid   8439   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
　　grid   8443   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
　　grid   8447   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASM
　　grid   8451   1 0 12:08 ?    00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASM
　　grid   8759 3985 0 12:42 pts/1  00:00:00 grep asm
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ crs_stat -t
　　Name      Type      Target  State  Host
　　------------------------------------------------------------
　　ora.DATA.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.asm    ora.asm.type  ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.cssd    ora.cssd.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.diskmon  ora....on.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　[grid@asmone grid]$
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ sqlplus /nolog

　　SQL*Plus:>　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
　　SQL> conn / as sysasm;
　　Connected.
　　SQL> col disk format a15
　　SQL> col disk_group format a15
　　SQL> select a.name disk, b.namedisk_group from v$asm_disk a, v$asm_diskgroup b where a.group_number =b.group_number;
　　DISK     DISK_GROUP
　　--------------- ---------------
　　DISK0         DATA
　　DISK1         DATA
　　SQL>
9、使用asmca创建闪回区
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ asmca

　　此时在查看相关进程以及磁盘组：
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ crs_stat -t
　　Name      Type      Target  State  Host
　　------------------------------------------------------------
　　ora.DATA.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.FRA.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.asm    ora.asm.type  ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.cssd    ora.cssd.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　ora.diskmon  ora....on.type ONLINE  ONLINE  asmone
　　[grid@asmone grid]$ sqlplus /nolog

　　SQL*Plus:>　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
　　SQL> conn / as sysasm;
　　Connected.
　　SQL> col disk format a15
　　SQL> col disk_group format a15
　　SQL> select a.name disk, b.namedisk_group from v$asm_disk a, v$asm_diskgroup b where a.group_number =b.group_number;
　　DISK     DISK_GROUP
　　--------------- ---------------
　　DISK0         DATA
　　DISK1         DATA
　　DISK2        FRA
　　SQL>
10、安装oracle软件
　　解压oracle软件
　　[root@asmone opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstalldatabase/
　　[root@asmone opt]#
　　asmone$pwd
　　/opt/database
　　asmone$./runInstaller
　　Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
　　Checking Temp space: must be greater than80 MB.  Actual 8804 MB  Passed
　　Checking swap space: must be greater than150 MB.  Actual 886 MB  Passed
　　Checking monitor: must be configured todisplay at least 256 colors.  Actual16777216  Passed
　　Preparing to launch Oracle UniversalInstaller from /tmp/OraInstall2013-10-03_01-22-04PM. Please wait...asmone$

　　[root@asmone opt]#/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
　　Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
　　The following environment variables are setas:
　　ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
　　ORACLE_HOME= /u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1
　　Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:
　　The file "dbhome" already existsin /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
　　[n]: y
　　Copyingdbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
　　The file "oraenv" already existsin /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
　　[n]: y
　　Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　The file "coraenv" already existsin /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
　　[n]: y
　　Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by
　　Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created
　　Finished running generic part of root.shscript.
　　Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.
　　Finished product-specific root actions.
　　[root@asmone opt]#

11、创建数据库
　　asmone$dbca

　　解决方法：
　　官方说明：
　　CAUSE：
　　Possible causes:
　　1. Grid Infrastructure owner is not partof OSDBA group for the database thats being start up.
　　2. Grid Infrastructure owner doesn't have write permission to database dbs ($ORACLE_HOME/dbs) directory.
　　SOLUTION：
　　1. As per documentation