本节将介绍linux 群集的双机备份详细的配置步骤，这个有点类似 windows 2003 系统中 NLB 服务，即用两台相同的服务器对外提供服务，从而实现负载均衡，在这里使用的是虚拟 IP 来对外提供服务，即使宕了一台服务器，其他的服务器还是能够正常的使用虚拟 IP 对外提供服务的，所以可用性比较高点！ 本例中，需要两张网卡，eth 1 用来检测心跳算法，也就是专门用来检测其他服务器是否存活用的，eth0 可以用来连接外网，但真正不使用这个网卡的 IP 对外提供服务，尽管数据包经过了这个网卡。 ( 下面来简单介绍下 node 1的配置步骤， node2 基本雷同) [root@node1 ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84 inet addr: 192.168.254.238 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:1984/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16461 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1587876 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:291219 (284.3 KiB) Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:7A inet addr: 192.168.211.128 Bcast:192.168.211.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:197a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10434 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9567 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1623625 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:1621602 (1.5 MiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2080 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) TX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) [root@ node 1 ~]# yum search heartbeat (通过 yum 服务搜索和安装 heartbeat 服务 ) ============================== Matched: heartbeat ============================== heartbeat.i386 : heartbeat - The Heartbeat Subsystem for High-Availability Linux heartbeat-devel.i386 : heartbeat development package heartbeat-gui.i386 : Provides a gui interface to manage heartbeat clusters heartbeat-ldirectord.i386 : Monitor daemon for maintaining high availability : resources with ipvs (Linux Virtual Server} heartbeat-pils.i386 : Provides a general plugin and interface loading library heartbeat-stonith.i386 : Provides an interface to Shoot The Other Node In The : Head piranha.i386 : Cluster administation tools [root@ node1 ~]# yum -y install heartbeat Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package heartbeat.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: heartbeat-stonith = 2.1.3-3.el5.centos for package: heartbeat --> Processing Dependency: heartbeat-pils = 2.1.3-3.el5.centos for package: heartbeat --> Processing Dependency: libstonith.so.1 for package: heartbeat --> Processing Dependency: PyXML for package: heartbeat --> Processing Dependency: libpils.so.1 for package: heartbeat --> Running transaction check ---> Package PyXML.i386 0:0.8.4-4 set to be updated ---> Package heartbeat-stonith.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated ---> Package heartbeat-pils.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================= Installing: heartbeat i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 1.7 M Installing for dependencies: PyXML i386 0.8.4-4 base 1.1 M heartbeat-pils i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 213 k heartbeat-stonith i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 311 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================= Install 4 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 3.3 M Downloading Packages: (1/4): heartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 213 kB 00:01 (2/4): heartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 311 kB 00:01 (3/4): PyXML-0.8.4-4.i386.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:06 (4/4): heartbeat-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:09 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 173 kB/s | 3.3 MB 00:19 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : heartbeat-pils [1/4] Installing : heartbeat-stonith [2/4] Installing : PyXML [3/4] Installing : heartbeat [4/4] Complete! [root@ node1 ~]# rpm -ql heartbeat |grep /usr/share/doc (查找并配置相关配置文件如下 ) /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3 /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/COPYING /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/COPYING.LGPL /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/DirectoryMap.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/GettingStarted.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/GettingStarted.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/HardwareGuide.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/HardwareGuide.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/README /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/Requirements.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/Requirements.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/apphbd.cf /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/authkeys /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/faqntips.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/faqntips.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ha.cf /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/haresources /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/hb_report.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/hb_report.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/heartbeat_api.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/heartbeat_api.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/logd.cf /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/rsync.html /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/rsync.txt /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/startstop [root@ node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ha.cf /etc/ha.d/ [root@ node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/authkeys /etc/ha.d/ [root@ node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/haresources /etc/ha.d/ [root@ node1 ~]# ls /etc/ha.d/ authkeys ha.cf harc haresources rc.d README.config resource.d shellfuncs [root@ node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/ha.cf logfile /var/log/ha-log 定义日志文件位置 logfacility local0 keepalive 2 定义心跳检测时间为 2s deadtime 30 死亡时间为 30s warntime 10 initdead 120 udpport 694 使用 UDP 端口 694 bcast eth 1 # Linux 使用网卡 2 进行心跳检测 ucast eth 1 192.168. 211.131 检测 node2 的IP 地址 ( 在此位置， node2 需要相应的修改) auto_failback on node node1 node1 的uname 名字 node node2 node2 的uname 名字 ping 192.168. 254.1 设置ping 个外部 IP [root@ node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/authkeys auth 1 1 crc [root@ node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/haresources node1 192.168. 254.88 httpd 设置虚拟ip 为 192.168. 254.88 ，监听httpd 服务 (node2进行相应的设置 ) [root@ node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 添加hosts 文件记录 # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168. 211.128 node1 192.168. 211.131 node2 [root@ node1 /]# service httpd status 查看下apache 服务没有开启 httpd is stopped [root@ node1 ~]# service heartbeat start 启动heartbeat 服务 Starting High-Availability services: 2009/04/24_07:35:15 INFO: Resource is stopped [FAILED] heartbeat: udpport setting must precede media statementsheartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Bad permissions on keyfile [/etc/ha.d/authkeys], 600 recommended. heartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Authentication configuration error. heartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Configuration error, heartbeat not started. [root@ node1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys 此处需要修改下authkeys 文件的权限为 600 [root@ node1 ~]# service heartbeat start logd is already running Starting High-Availability services: 2009/04/24_07:35:45 INFO: Resource is stopped [ OK ] [root@ node1 ~]# netstat -nupl |grep 694 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4048/heartbeat: wri udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4046/heartbeat: wri [root@ node1 ~]# ifconfig 查看下确实多了个虚拟IP eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84 inet addr: 192.168.254.238 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:1984/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:17232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1656731 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:298013 (291.0 KiB) Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84 inet addr: 192.168.254.88 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:7A inet addr: 192.168.211.128 Bcast:192.168.211.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:197a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:11024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:10041 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1719778 (1.6 MiB) TX bytes:1704088 (1.6 MiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2080 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) TX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) [root@node1 ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.211.128 for ServerName [ OK ]
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