linux bash command bash脚本命令

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　　转自：http://ss64.com/bash/
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  alias
Create an alias

apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get
Search for and install software packages (Debian)
aspell
Spell Checker
awk
Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index

b

bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc
Arbitrary precision calculator language
bg
Send to background
break
Exit from a loop
builtin
Run a shell builtin
bzip2
Compress or decompress named file(s)

c
cal
Display a calendar
case
Conditionally perform a command
cat
Display the contents of a file
cd
Change Directory
cfdisk
Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp
Change group ownership
chmod
Change access permissions
chown
Change file owner and group
chroot
Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig
System services (runlevel)
cksum
Print CRC checksum and byte counts

clear    Clear terminal screen
cmp
Compare two files
comm
Compare two sorted files line by line
command
Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue
Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp
Copy one or more files to another location
cron
Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab
Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit
Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut
Divide a file into several parts

d
date
Display or change the date & time
dc
Desk Calculator
dd
Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue
Data recovery tool
declare
Declare variables and give them attributes
df
Display free disk space
diff
Display the differences between two files
diff3
Show differences among three files
dig
DNS lookup
dir
Briefly list directory contents
dircolors
Colour setup for `ls'
dirname
Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs
Display list of remembered directories
dmesg
Print kernel & driver messages
du
Estimate file space usage

e
echo
Display message on screen
egrep
Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject
Eject removable media
enable
Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env
Environment variables

ethtool  Ethernet card settings
eval
Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec
Execute a command
exit
Exit the shell
expect
Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
expand
Convert tabs to spaces
export
Set an environment variable
expr
Evaluate expressions

f
false
Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat
Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk
Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg
Send job to foreground
fgrep
Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string

file     Determine file type
find
Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt
Reformat paragraph text
fold
Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for
Expand words
, and execute commands


format   Format disks or tapes

free     Display memory usage
fsck
File system consistency check and repair

ftp      File Transfer Protocol
function
Define Function Macros
fuser
Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file

g
gawk
Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts
Parse positional parameters
grep
Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups
Print group names a user is in
gzip
Compress or decompress named file(s)

h
hash
Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head
Output the first part of file(s)
history
Command History
hostname
Print or set system name

i
id
Print user and group id's
if
Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig
Configure a network interface
ifdown
Stop a network interface
ifup
Start a network interface up
import
Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install
Copy files and set attributes

j
join
Join lines on a common field

k
kill
Stop a process from running

killall  Kill processes by name

l
less
Display output one screen at a time
let
Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln
Make links between files
local
Create variables
locate
Find files
logname
Print current login name
logout
Exit a login shell
look
Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc
Line printer control program
lpr
Off line print

lprint   Print a file

lprintd  Abort a print job

lprintq  List the print queue
lprm
Remove jobs from the print queue
ls
List information about file(s)
lsof
List open files

m

make     Recompile a group of programs
man
Help manual
mkdir
Create new folder(s)
mkfifo
Make FIFOs (named pipes)

mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod
Make block or character special files
more
Display output one screen at a time
mount
Mount a file system
mtools
Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv
Move or rename files or directories
mmv
Mass Move and rename (files)

n

netstat  Networking information
nice
Set the priority of a command or job
nl
Number lines and write files
nohup
Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup
Query Internet name servers interactively

o
open
Open a file in its default application
op
Operator access

p
passwd
Modify a user password
paste
Merge lines of files

pathchk  Check file name portability
ping
Test a network connection
pkill
Stop processes from running
popd
Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr
Prepare files for printing

printcap Printer capability database

printenv Print environment variables
printf
Format and print data
ps
Process status
pushd
Save and then change the current directory
pwd
Print Working Directory

q
quota
Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck
Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl
Set disk quotas

r
ram
ram disk device
rcp
Copy files between two machines
read
read a line from standard input
readonly
Mark variables/functions as readonly

reboot   Reboot the system

renice   Alter priority of running processes

remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
return
Exit a shell function
rev
Reverse lines of a file
rm
Remove files
rmdir
Remove folder(s)
rsync
Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

s
screen
Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp
Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff
Merge two files interactively
sed
Stream Editor
select
Accept keyboard input
seq
Print numeric sequences
set
Manipulate shell variables and functions

sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
shift
Shift positional parameters
shopt
Shell Options
shutdown
Shutdown or restart linux
sleep
Delay for a specified time
slocate
Find files
sort
Sort text files
source
Run commands from a file `.'
split
Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh
Secure Shell client (remote login program)

strace   Trace system calls and signals
su
Substitute user identity
sudo
Execute a command as another user
sum
Print a checksum for a file
symlink
Make a new name for a file
sync
Synchronize data on disk with memory

t
tail
Output the last part of files
tar
Tape ARchiver
tee
Redirect output to multiple files
test
Evaluate a conditional expression
time
Measure Program running time
times
User and system times
touch
Change file timestamps
top
List processes running on the system
traceroute
Trace Route to Host

trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true
Do nothing, successfully
tsort
Topological sort
tty
Print filename of terminal on stdin
type
Describe a command

u
ulimit
Limit user resources
umask
Users file creation mask

umount   Unmount a device
unalias
Remove an alias
uname
Print system information
unexpand
Convert spaces to tabs
uniq
Uniquify files
units
Convert units from one scale to another
unset
Remove variable or function names
unshar
Unpack shell archive scripts
until
Execute commands (until error)
useradd
Create new user account
usermod
Modify user account
users
List users currently logged in
uuencode
Encode a binary file
uudecode
Decode a file created by uuencode

v

v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')

vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi
Text Editor
vmstat
Report virtual memory statistics

w
watch
Execute/display a program periodically
wc
Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis
Report all known instances of a command   
which
Locate a program file in the user's path.
while
Execute commands
who
Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami
Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

Wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write
Send a message to another user

x
xargs
Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes
Print a string until interrupted
.
Run a command script in the current shell
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