Redhat Linux上mysql安装-RPM安装

321dw

Linux平台上Mysql通常有三种安装方式，即：
Rpm安装
通用二进制包安装
源码安装包
本文先就RPM安装方式进行介绍，在此主要还是开源的社区版本介绍，首先下载
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
可以选择针对不同平台的安装包类型，目前最新的版本是5.7.11，RPM版本也有各种类型，了解了此，才能选择合适的安装包：

Package Name

Summary

mysql-community-server
Database server and  related tools

mysql-community-client
MySQL client  applications and tools

mysql-community-common
Common files for  server and client libraries

mysql-community-devel
Development header  files and libraries for MySQL database client applications

mysql-community-libs
Shared libraries  for MySQL database client applications

mysql-community-libs-compat
Shared  compatibility libraries for previous MySQL installations

mysql-community-embedded
MySQL embedded  library

mysql-community-embedded-devel
Development header  files and libraries for MySQL as an embeddable library

mysql-community-test
Test suite for the  MySQL server

其具体名称结构如下：
packagename-version-distribution-arch.rpm
version就不用说啦，其实就是数据库的版本，distribution和arch表示的是为何种LINUX类型和CPU平台构建的安装包，具体的分发标志如下：

distribution Value

Intended Use

el5, el6, el7
Red  Hat Enterprise Linux/Oracle Linux/CentOS 5, 6, or 7

fc22, fc23
Fedora  22 or 23

sles12
SUSE  Linux Enterprise Server 12

比如：mysql-community-server-5.7.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm，就是RedHat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit),上的RPMPackage
MySQL Server安装包

安装呢就很简单：
shell> rpm -qpl mysql-community-server-version-distribution-arch.rpm可以看到RPM包安装起来简单，比较适合初学者，但是需要根据具体需求下载合适的安装包如server和client需要单独分开安装，具体参见上表；
另外就是安装路径不灵活，默认路径不可修改，所以一台server上只能安装一个server,具体路径如下：

Files or Resources

Location

Client  programs and scripts
/usr/bin

mysqld  server
/usr/sbin

Configuration  file
/etc/my.cnf

Data  directory
/var/lib/mysql

Error  log file

For  RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log

For  SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

Value  of secure_file_priv
/var/lib/mysql-files

System  V init script

For  RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld

For  SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql

Systemd  service

For  RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld

For  SLES: mysql

Pid  file
/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid

Socket
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

Keyring  directory
/var/lib/mysql-keyring

Unix  manual pages
/usr/share/man

Include  (header) files
/usr/include/mysql

Libraries
/usr/lib/mysql

Miscellaneous  support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)
/usr/share/mysql

安装完毕后MYSQL并不是自动启动，而需要手工启动：
shell> service mysqld start
初始化启动服务器后，超级账户’root’@localhost’被创建，用户密码被生产放在了error log文件中，采用shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log可以找到，登陆修改密码即可：
shell> mysql -uroot -pmysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
这样就完成了rpm安装包的安装，还是挺快的。