MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序,它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活,没有限制,常见的用途包括:负载平衡,故障、查询分析,查询过滤和修改等等。
MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理,简单的说,MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池,负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库,并且通过使用lua脚本,可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤,从而实现读写分离和负 载平衡。对于应用来说,MySQL Proxy是完全透明的,应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然,这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效,但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余,在应用服务器的连接池配置中配置到多 个proxy的连接参数即可。
MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”,基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询,让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。
二、对MariaDB做主从复制
关于如何对MariaDB做主从复制,请移步本人博客MariaDB 主从复制
三、安装
1.可以通过rpm安装,其会提供配置文件及服务脚本,但是没有读写分享脚本
2.通过编译安装
①、源码安装时,MySQL proxy的依赖关系:
libevent 1.x or higher (1.3b or later is preferred).
lua 5.1.x or higher.
glib2 2.6.0 or higher.
pkg-config.
libtool 1.5 or higher.
MySQL 5.0.x or higher developer files.
②、下载源码包,编译安装
# tar zxf mysql-proxy-0.8.2.tar.gz
# cd mysql-proxy-0.8.2
# ./configure
# make
# make check
如果管理员有密码,上面的步骤则需要使用如下格式进行:
# MYSQL_PASSWORD=root_pwd make check
# make install
默认情况下, mysql-proxy安装在/usr/local/sbin/mysql-proxy,而Lua示例脚本安装在/usr/local/share目录中。
--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$
Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the
License.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301 USA
$%ENDLICENSE%$ --]]
function set_error(errmsg)
proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,
errmsg = errmsg or "error"
}
end
function read_query(packet)
if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then
set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)")
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
local query = packet:sub(2)
local rows = { }
local fields = { }
if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then
fields = {
{ name = "backend_ndx",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },
{ name = "address",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "state",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "type",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "uuid",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "connected_clients",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },
}
for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do
local states = {
"unknown",
"up",
"down"
}
local types = {
"unknown",
"rw",
"ro"
}
local b = proxy.global.backends
rows[#rows + 1] = {
i,
b.dst.name, -- configured backend address
states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0
types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0
b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed
b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients
}
end
elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then
fields = {
{ name = "command",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "description",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
}
rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" }
rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" }
else
set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands")
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,
resultset = {
fields = fields,
rows = rows
}
}
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
⑦、测试
启动服务;
service mysql-proxy start
管理功能测试
可以看到4041端口和3306端口以及处于监听状态
我们在主服务器上授予201数据库写的权限
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'firefox'@'192.168.1.201' identified by 'firefox';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
[iyunv@httpweb mysql-proxy]# mysql -ufirefox -pfirefox -h192.168.1.201 --port=3306
我们可以看到我们在mysql-proxy的可以登录数据库了
查看是否配置成功
[iyunv@httpweb ~]# mysql -ufirefox -pfirefox -h192.168.1.201 --port=4041
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
mysql> select * from backends;
+-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |
+-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
| 1 | 192.168.1.200:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 |
| 2 | 192.168.1.202:3306 | up | ro | NULL | 0 |
+-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+