CentOS5.6安装Oracle10G图解

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CentOS5.6下安装Oracle10G

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*目标：在Centos系统下，安装Oracle10g软件

*步骤：

*                1、安装包

*                2、域名解析设置及网络配置

*                3、创建用户、组

*                4、配置内核参数、修改环境变量

*                5、设置shell限制

*                6、创建相关目录、赋权

*                7、远程图形化安装Oracle软件

*******************************************************************************1、安装包

--挂载光盘

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#mount /dev/hdb /media --通过df -h查看到相关目录，依实际情况挂载

--配置yum

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  --进入到该目录下生成一个配置文件

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# cp CentOS-Debuginfo.repo yum.repo  --做一个拷贝

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#cp * /hylbak  --将yum.repos.d下文件做一个备份

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#rm -rf Centos* --将无关文件删除

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#vi yum.repo

[debug]

name=CentOS-6 - Debuginfo

baseurl=file:///media                  --此处光盘挂载到了media目录下

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6

~

~

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#yum install -y binutils-2.17.50.0.6   --举例：使用yum安装格式

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]#rpm -q binutils-2.17.50.0.6   --举例：使用rpm查看软件包安装情况

--修改：不要按下面参考文档提示安装，第一次按其安装出错

--安装时需要使用下文修改的“黄色”标记安装方案

--保留第一次缺失安装包参考，引以为戒

--安装包缺失时参考如下文档所致

--下表为第一次安装，安装后续发现出现包不全状况，对其包进行更正和补充，若实际安装采用之后的安装包方案，此处不做删除以示反例

安装包参考（提醒：不要按此安装，实际安装见后文）
参考文档提示安装包	实际通过光盘安装包
binutils-2.17.50.0.6	binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3	compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
elfutils-libelf-0.125	elfutils-libelf-0.137
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125	elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125	elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137
gcc-4.1.2	gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2	gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-common-2.5	glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5	glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5	glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18	kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214	ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1
libaio-0.3.106	libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106	libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2	libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2	libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5.x86_64
libstdc++-4.1.2	libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2	libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81	make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2	sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)	unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel	unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64
pdksh-5.2.14	pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5
numactl-0.9.8	numactl-0.9.8
libXp-1.0.0	libXp-1.0.0
libXp-devel-1.0.0	libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64、libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
libXau-devel-1.0.1	libXau-devel-1.0.1

--按错误参考安装包指令

yuminstall -y binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61elfutils-libelf-0.137 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18 ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5.x86_64libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1 unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64 pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5numactl-0.9.8 libXp-1.0.0 libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm libXau-devel-1.0.1

正确安装包方案（使用以下安装包流程，经过二次验证成功）

--使用以下安装包方案

--根据多次试验，执行如下指令，安装包

--安装常用软件

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install autoconf automake binutils-devel bisoncpp dos2unix ftp gcc gcc-c++ lrzsz python-devel

--安装 Oracle必需软件:

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install  compat-db  compat-db42 compat-db43  compat-gcc-34  compat-gcc-34-c++  compatlibstdc++-33 glibc-* glibc-*.i686libXpm-*.i686 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6 libgcc_s.so.1 ksh libXp libaio-develnumactl numactl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

--验证安装包情况

[iyunv@hyl yum.repos.d]# rpm -q glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64 compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.5-58

glibc-devel-2.5-58

compat-db-4.2.52-5.1

compat-db-4.2.52-5.1

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61

[iyunv@hyl yum.repos.d]# rpm -q compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.1

compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.1

gcc-4.1.2-50.el5

gcc-c++-4.1.2-50.el5

pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5

openmotif-2.3.1-5.el5_5.1

openmotif-2.3.1-5.el5_5.1

sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5_5.1

2、域名解析设置及网络配置

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1         localhost.localdomain localhost

::1              localhost6.localdomain6localhost6

192.168.56.103   hyl

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.56.103

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

HWADDR=08:00:27:29:DB:B2

ONBOOT=yes

~

~

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# service network restart

正在关闭接口 eth0：                                        [确定]

关闭环回接口：                                             [确定]

禁用 IPv4 包转送：net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

                                                          [确定]

弹出环回接口：                                             [确定]

弹出界面 eth0：                                            [确定]

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

#HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

HOSTNAME=hyl

~

~

[iyunv@localhost CentOS]# su -

3、创建用户、组

[iyunv@hyl ~]# groupadd oinstall

[iyunv@hyl ~]# groupadd dba

[iyunv@hyl ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[iyunv@hyl ~]# passwd oracle

Changingpassword for user oracle.

New UNIXpassword: oracle

BADPASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retypenew UNIX password: oracle

passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[iyunv@hyl ~]# id oracle

uid=501(oracle)gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

4、配置内核参数、修改环境变量

[iyunv@hyl ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加：

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

~

"/etc/sysctl.conf" 43L, 1228C written

[iyunv@hyl ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter= 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route= 0

kernel.sysrq= 0

kernel.core_uses_pid= 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1

kernel.msgmnb= 65536

kernel.msgmax= 65536

kernel.shmmax= 68719476736

kernel.shmall= 4294967296

kernel.shmmni= 4096

kernel.sem= 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max= 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 1024 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_max= 262144

--修改oracle用户的环境配置文件

--执行：su - oracle切换到oracle用户环境，然后编辑 .bash_profile文件，更改PATH的配置，同时在环境变量中增加NLS_LANG的配置

[iyunv@hyl yum.repos.d]# su - oracle

[oracle@hyl ~]$ vi .bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=xcky

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

5、设置 shell 限制

--添加以下参数

[iyunv@hyl ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc  2047

oracle              hard    nproc  16384

oracle              soft    nofile 1024

oracle              hard    nofile 65536

[iyunv@hyl ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

--添加以下参数

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

[iyunv@hyl ~]# vi /etc/profile                                         --添加以下参数

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

        if [ $SHELL ="/bin/ksh" ]; then

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

        else

              ulimit -u 16384-n 65536

        fi

fi

--在/etc/profile文件中修改以下内容

ulimit –s –c 0 >/dev/null 2> &1 修改为

ulimit –s –c unlimited >/dev/null 2> &1

6、创建相关目录、赋权

[iyunv@hyl ~]# mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle

[iyunv@hyl ~]# mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

[iyunv@hyl ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/u01/app/oracle

[iyunv@hyl ~]# chmod -R 775 /home/u01/app/oracle

[oracle@hyl home]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/downloads

[iyunv@hyl ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/downloads

--上传安装包

[iyunv@hyl downloads]# zcat 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz |cpio -idmv > /dev/null 2>&1 --上传安装包后，解压安装包

[iyunv@hyl install]# vi/home/oracle/downloads/database/install/oraparam.ini

--添加redhat-5如下所示

[Certified Versions]

Linux=redhat-5,redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2

7、远程图形化安装 Oracle 软件

--使用X-manager软件调用图形化界面，操作参考如下

$./runInstaller    -X-manager下执行，出现乱码问题

--以下解决乱码问题

[iyunv@hyl ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

#LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"

~

~

--按参看下图，输入export指令

--安装过程报错：Errorinvoking target ‘install’ of makefile

--修改：以下报错皆为第一次缺失包情况，若按上文修改后文档安装包，将不会出现如下报错

--保留报错截图，引以为戒

--rpm安装缺失的包

[iyunv@hyl CentOS]# find -name "compat-libstdc*"

./compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm

./compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm

./compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm

[iyunv@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或目录

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

   1:compat-libstdc++-296   ###########################################[100%]

[iyunv@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或目录

Preparing...                ###########################################[100%]

        packagecompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64 is already installed

[iyunv@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或目录

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

        packagecompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386 is already installed

--尝试点击Retry继续

--再次报错：Error invokingtarget‘agent nmo nmb’of makefile

--使用yum安装如下包

glib-devel-1.2.10-20.el5 (i386)

glib-devel-1.2.10-20.el5 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.5-81.el5_8.2 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.5-81.el5_8.2 (i386)

--尝试点击Retry继续

--再次报错，尝试点击“Continue”继续

[iyunv@hyl ~]# /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changingpermissions of /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.

Changinggroupname of /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

Theexecution of the script is complete

[iyunv@hyl ~]# /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enterthe full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating/etc/oratab file...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

--软件安装结束，由于过程中报错，软件安装可能不成功，尝试启动dbca

$dbca --X-manager下无法启动dbca

--删除/home/oracle下oracle安装文件，重新安装软件

--由于之前安装过程中，出现缺失包情况，重新查阅官方文档，重新安装和检查需要的包
--此时注意到安装包位数的区别，安装64位的安装包

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

[iyunv@hyl ~]# yum -y install compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

--按照上文图形化安装oracle步骤，重新安装oracle软件，直到执行脚本界面弹出，此时只需跑一个脚本，如下图

[iyunv@hyl /]# /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enter thefull pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The file"dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file"oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file"coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created
Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.
Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

--按提示，点击完成结束oracle软件的安装

--经验证，此次安装oracle软件成功，已经可以dbca建库