Hadoop -分布式环境搭建安装配置

ykwll

　　集群环境：
　　1 NameNode(真实主机):
　　Linux yan-Server 3.4.36-gentoo #3 SMP Mon Apr 1 14:09:12 CST 2013 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) X4 750K Quad Core Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux
　　2 DataNode1(虚拟机):
　　Linux node1 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

　　3 DataNode2(虚拟机):
　　Linux node2 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

　　4 DataNode3(虚拟机):
　　Linux node3 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

　　原创作品，转载请标明：
　　http://blog.csdn.net/yming0221/article/details/8989203


1.安装VirtualBox虚拟机
　　Gentoo下直接命令编译安装，或者官网下载二进制安装包直接安装：

emerge -av virtualbox

2.虚拟机下安装Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
　　使用Ubuntu镜像安装完成后，然后再克隆另外两台虚拟主机（这里会遇到克隆的主机启动的时候主机名和MAC地址会是一样的，局域网会造成冲突）
　　主机名修改文件

/etc/hostname

MAC地址修改需要先删除文件
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

然后在启动之前设置VirtualBox虚拟机的MAC地址

　　启动后会自动生成删除的文件，配置网卡的MAC地址。
　　为了更方便的在各主机之间共享文件，可以启动主机yan-Server的NFS，将命令加入/etc/rc.local中，让客户端自动挂载NFS目录。
　　删除各虚拟机的NetworkManager，手动设置静态的IP地址，例如node2主机的/etc/network/interfaces文件配置如下：

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.137.202
gateway 192.168.137.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.137.0
broadcast 192.168.137.255

主机的基本环境设置完毕，下面是主机对应的IP地址

类型	主机名	IP
NameNode	yan-Server	192.168.137.100
DataNode	node1	192.168.137.201
DataNode	node2	192.168.137.202
DataNode	node3	192.168.137.203

为了节省资源，可以设置虚拟机默认启动字符界面，然后通过主机的TERMINAL ssh远程登录。（SSH已经启动服务，允许远程登录，安装方法不再赘述）　　设置方式是修改/etc/default/grub文件将下面的一行解除注释

GRUB_TERMINAL=console

然后update-grub即可。
3.Hadoop环境的配置




3.1配置JDK环境（之前就做好了，这里不再赘述）

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

3.2在官网下载Hadoop，然后解压到/opt/目录下面（这里使用的是hadoop-2.0.4-alpha）
　　然后进入目录/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/etc/hadoop，配置hadoop文件
　　修改文件hadoop-env.sh

export HADOOP_FREFIX=/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_CONF_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21

修改文件hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/name</value>
<description>Determines where on the local filesystem the DFS name node should store the name table.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then name table is replicated in all of the directories,for redundancy.</description>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/data</value>
<description>Determines where on the local filesystem an DFS data node should store its blocks.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then data will be stored in all named directories,typically on different devices.Directories that do not exist are ignored.
</description>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permission</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
　　
修改文件mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.job.tracker</name>
<value>hdfs://yan-Server:9001</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name>
<value>1536</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.map.java.opts</name>
<value>-Xmx1024M</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name>
<value>3072</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.reduce.java.opts</name>
<value>-Xmx2560M</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb</name>
<value>512</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.factor</name>
<value>100</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.parallelcopies</name>
<value>50</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapred.system.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/systemdir</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapred.local.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/localdir</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
</configuration>
　　
修改文件yarn-env.xml

export HADOOP_FREFIX=/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_CONF_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21

修改文件yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
<value>yan-Server:8080</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
<value>yan-Server:8081</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
<value>yan-Server:8082</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
</configuration>
　　将配置好的Hadoop复制到各DataNode（这里DataNode的JDK配置和主机的配置是一致的，不需要再修改JDK的配置）


3.3 修改主机的/etc/hosts，将NameNode加入该文件

192.168.137.100yan-Server
192.168.137.201node1
192.168.137.202node2
192.168.137.203node3

3.4 修改各DataNode的/etc/hosts文件，也添加上述的内容

192.168.137.100yan-Server
192.168.137.201node1
192.168.137.202node2
192.168.137.203node3

3.5 配置SSH免密码登录（所有的主机都使用root用户登录）
　　主机上运行命令

ssh-kengen -t rsa一路回车，然后复制.ssh/id_rsa.pub为各DataNode的root用户目录.ssh/authorized_keys文件　　然后在主机上远程登录一次

ssh root@node1首次登录可能会需要输入密码，之后就不再需要。（其他的DataNode也都远程登录一次确保可以免输入密码登录）
4.启动Hadoop
　　为了方便，在主机的/etc/profile配置hadoop的环境变量，如下：

export HADOOP_PREFIX="/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha"
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}



4.1 格式化NameNode

hdfs namenode -format
4.2 启动全部进程

start-all.sh

在浏览器查看，地址：　　http://localhost:8088/

　　所有数据节点DataNode正常启动。

4.3 关闭所有进程

stop-all.sh
　　至此，Hadoop环境搭建基本结束。
上面使用的是alpha版本，不是稳定版，稳定版的配置文件会有所不同，如果照搬会可能导致jobtracker或tasktracker无法启动的问题。遇到问题查看日志文件。
　　下面是我配置的1.1.2稳定版本的配置文件：
　　conf/core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://yan-Server:49000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/tmp</value>
</property>
</configuration>

conf/hadoop-env.sh
export HADOOP_FREFIX=/opt/hadoop-1.1.2
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
export HADOOP_CONF_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/conf
export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/conf
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21

conf/hdfs-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.name.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-1.1.2/workspace/name</value>
<description>Determines where on the local filesystem the DFS name node should store the name table.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then name table is replicated in all of the directories,for redundancy.</description>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-1.1.2/workspace/data</value>
<description>Determines where on the local filesystem an DFS data node should store its blocks.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then data will be stored in all named directories,typically on different devices.Directories that do not exist are ignored.
</description>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permission</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
　　

conf/mapred-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>hdfs://yan-Server:9001</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
</configuration>


　　conf/masters中填写NameNode主机名
　　conf/slaves中填写DataNode主机名


　　

　　参考：
　　1.实战Hadoop--开启通向云计算的捷径（刘鹏）
　　2.http://www.cnblogs.com/aniuer/archive/2012/07/16/2594448.html