[Hadoop]Hive r0.9.0中文文档（四）之Hive变量的使用

tongyi007

一、介绍
例子:
$ a=b
$ hive -e " describe $a "
如果你hive数据库中没有b这个表，则会提示Table b does not exist
hive的变量设置可以放在hiveconf中，使变量赋值与查询合并为一句话：
例子:
$ bin/hive -hiveconf a=b -e 'set a; set hiveconf:a; \
create table if not exists b (col int); describe ${hiveconf:a}'
Results in:
Hive history file=/tmp/edward/hive_job_log_edward_201011240906_1463048967.txt
a=b
hiveconf:a=b
OK
Time taken: 5.913 seconds
OK
colint
Time taken: 0.754 seconds

二、hive变量使用
hive的变量有3个作用空间hiveconf，system，env。hiveconf就像平时一样设置：
set x=myvalue

X变量会被这样调用：
${hiveconf:x}
Annotated examples of usage from the test case
ql/src/test/queries/clientpositive/set_processor_namespaces.q
set zzz=5;
--  sets zzz=5
set zzz;
set system:xxx=5;
set system:xxx;
-- sets a system property xxx to 5
set system:yyy=${system:xxx};
set system:yyy;
-- sets yyy with value of xxx
set go=${hiveconf:zzz};
set go;
-- sets go base on value on zzz
set hive.variable.substitute=false;
set raw=${hiveconf:zzz};
set raw;
-- disable substitution set a value to the literal
set hive.variable.substitute=true;
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM src where key=${hiveconf:zzz};
SELECT * FROM src where key=${hiveconf:zzz};
--use a variable in a query
set a=1;
set b=a;
set c=${hiveconf:${hiveconf:b}};
set c;
--uses nested variables.

set jar=../lib/derby.jar;
add file ${hiveconf:jar};
list file;
delete file ${hiveconf:jar};
list file;

三、Disabling
Variable substitution is on by default. If this causes an issue with an already existing script disable it.
set hive.variable.substitute=false;