Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器

丹调生活

[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v3.2 最后修改：2008.07.16 转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.s135.com/read.php/351.htm]

　　本文已有最新版本：《Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第4版）》


　　前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第3篇文章，也是Nginx 0.6系列版本成为稳定版后的第一篇文章，安装、配置方式与以往略有不同，并增加了一些在生产环境运行中不断修改、调整，总结出的配置上的优化。

　　链接：《2007年9月的第1版》、《2007年12月的第2版》

　　

　　Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

　　Nginx 的中文维基：http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxChs


　　在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.6.31 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

　　根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

　　而这台 Nginx 0.6.31 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

　　在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.6.31 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：

　　

　　我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不算高：

　　


　　安装步骤：
　　（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

　　一、获取相关开源程序：
　　1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libpng libpng-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel


　　2、下载程序源码包：
　　本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年6月5日的最新稳定版。（2008年6月底，sourceforge.net被GFW，下列的libmcrypt、mcrypt和mhash改从镜像站下载）
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz


　　二、安装PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI模式）
　　1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


　　2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --without-debug --with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.sock --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../


　　附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
　　①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock


　　②、启动MySQL（最后的&表示在后台运行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &


　　3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
cd php-5.2.6/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../


　　4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
cd xcache-1.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --enable-xcache
make
make install
cd ../


　　5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"

　　再查找display_errors = On
　　修改为display_errors = Off

　　自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#display_errors = On#display_errors = Off#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini


　　6、配置XCache加速PHP：
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so

[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user = "xcache"
; xcache.admin.pass = md5($yourpasswd)
xcache.admin.pass = "8e6867a5d05144cf4761d6481fc674a8"

[xcache]
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.size = 32M
; cpu number (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor)
xcache.count = 2
xcache.slots = 8k
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
xcache.var_size = 2M
; cpu number (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor)
xcache.var_count = 2
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.readonly_protection = Off
xcache.mmap_path = "/dev/zero"



　　7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www


　　8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

　　输入以下内容： view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

• <?xmlversion="1.0"?>
  
• <configuration>
  
• 
  
• Allrelativepathsinthisconfigarerelativetophp'sinstallprefix
  
• 
  
• <sectionname="global_options">
  
• 
  
• Pidfile
  
• <valuename="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
  
• 
  
• Errorlogfile
  
• <valuename="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
  
• 
  
• Loglevel
  
• <valuename="log_level">notice</value>
  
• 
  
• WhenthisamountofphpprocessesexitedwithSIGSEGVorSIGBUS...
  
• <valuename="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
  
• 
  
• ...inalessthanthisintervaloftime,agracefulrestartwillbeinitiated.
  
• Usefultoworkaroundaccidentalcurruptionsinaccelerator'ssharedmemory.
  
• <valuename="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
  
• 
  
• Timelimitonwaitingchild'sreactiononsignalsfrommaster
  
• <valuename="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
  
• 
  
• Setto'no'todebugfpm
  
• <valuename="daemonize">yes</value>
  
• 
  
• </section>
  
• 
  
• <workers>
  
• 
  
• <sectionname="pool">
  
• 
  
• Nameofpool.Usedinlogsandstats.
  
• <valuename="name">default</value>
  
• 
  
• Addresstoacceptfastcgirequestson.
  
• Validsyntaxis'ip.ad.re.ss:port'orjust'port'or'/path/to/unix/socket'
  
• <valuename="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
  
• 
  
• <valuename="listen_options">
  
• 
  
• Setlisten(2)backlog
  
• <valuename="backlog">-1</value>
  
• 
  
• Setpermissionsforunixsocket,ifoneused.
  
• InLinuxread/writepermissionsmustbesetinordertoallowconnectionsfromwebserver.
  
• ManyBSD-derrivedsystemsallowconnectionsregardlessofpermissions.
  
• <valuename="owner"></value>
  
• <valuename="group"></value>
  
• <valuename="mode">0666</value>
  
• </value>
  
• 
  
• Additionalphp.inidefines,specifictothispoolofworkers.
  
• <valuename="php_defines">
  
• <valuename="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail-t-i</value>
  
• <valuename="display_errors">0</value>
  
• </value>
  
• 
  
• Unixuserofprocesses
  
• <valuename="user">www</value>
  
• 
  
• Unixgroupofprocesses
  
• <valuename="group">www</value>
  
• 
  
• Processmanagersettings
  
• <valuename="pm">
  
• 
  
• Setsstyleofcontrolingworkerprocesscount.
  
• Validvaluesare'static'and'apache-like'
  
• <valuename="style">static</value>
  
• 
  
• Setsthelimitonthenumberofsimultaneousrequeststhatwillbeserved.
  
• EquivalenttoApacheMaxClientsdirective.
  
• EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_CHILDRENenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi
  
• Usedwithanypm_style.
  
• <valuename="max_children">128</value>
  
• 
  
• Settingsgroupfor'apache-like'pmstyle
  
• <valuename="apache_like">
  
• 
  
• Setsthenumberofserverprocessescreatedonstartup.
  
• Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected
  
• <valuename="StartServers">20</value>
  
• 
  
• Setsthedesiredminimumnumberofidleserverprocesses.
  
• Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected
  
• <valuename="MinSpareServers">5</value>
  
• 
  
• Setsthedesiredmaximumnumberofidleserverprocesses.
  
• Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected
  
• <valuename="MaxSpareServers">250</value>
  
• 
  
• </value>
  
• 
  
• </value>
  
• 
  
• Timelimitonwaitingexecutionofsinglerequest
  
• Shouldbeusedwhen'max_execution_time'inioptiondoesnotterminateexecutionforsomereason
  
• <valuename="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>
  
• 
  
• Setopenfiledescrlimit
  
• <valuename="rlimit_files">51200</value>
  
• 
  
• Setmaxcoresizerlimit
  
• <valuename="rlimit_core">0</value>
  
• 
  
• Chroottothisdirectoryatthestart
  
• <valuename="chroot"></value>
  
• 
  
• Chdirtothisdirectoryatthestart
  
• <valuename="chdir"></value>
  
• 
  
• Redirectworkers'stdoutandstderrintomainerrorlog.
  
• Ifnotset,theywillberedirectedto/dev/null,accordingtoFastCGIspecs
  
• <valuename="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
  
• 
  
• Howmuchrequestseachprocessshouldexecutebeforerespawn.
  
• Usefultoworkaroundmemoryleaksin3rdpartylibraries.
  
• Forendlessrequestprocessingpleasespecify0
  
• EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
  
• <valuename="max_requests">51200</value>
  
• 
  
• Commaseparatedlistofipv4addressesofFastCGIclientsthatallowedtoconnect.
  
• EquivalenttoFCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRSenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi(5.2.2+)
  
• MakessenseonlywithAF_INETlisteningsocket.
  
• <valuename="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
  
• 
  
• PassenvironmentvariableslikeLD_LIBRARY_PATH
  
• All$VARIABLEsaretakenfromcurrentenvironment
  
• <valuename="environment">
  
• <valuename="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
  
• <valuename="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
  
• <valuename="TMP">/tmp</value>
  
• <valuename="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
  
• <valuename="TEMP">/tmp</value>
  
• <valuename="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
  
• <valuename="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
  
• <valuename="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
  
• </value>
  
• 
  
• </section>
  
• 
  
• </workers>
  
• 
  
• </configuration>
  

<?xml version="1.0" ?><configuration>All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix<section name="global_options">Pid file<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>Error log file<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>Log level<value name="log_level">notice</value>When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>Set to 'no' to debug fpm<value name="daemonize">yes</value></section><workers><section name="pool">Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.<value name="name">default</value>Address to accept fastcgi requests on.Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value><value name="listen_options">Set listen(2) backlog<value name="backlog">-1</value>Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.<value name="owner"></value><value name="group"></value><value name="mode">0666</value></value>Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.<value name="php_defines"><value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value><value name="display_errors">0</value></value>Unix user of processes<value name="user">www</value>Unix group of processes<value name="group">www</value>Process manager settings<value name="pm">Sets style of controling worker process count.Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'<value name="style">static</value>Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgiUsed with any pm_style.<value name="max_children">128</value>Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style<value name="apache_like">Sets the number of server processes created on startup.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="StartServers">20</value>Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MaxSpareServers">250</value></value></value>Time limit on waiting execution of single requestShould be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason<value name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>Set open file desc rlimit<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>Set max core size rlimit<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>Chroot to this directory at the start<value name="chroot"></value>Chdir to this directory at the start<value name="chdir"></value>Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>How much requests each process should execute before respawn.Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.For endless request processing please specify 0Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS<value name="max_requests">51200</value>Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATHAll $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment<value name="environment"><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value><value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value><value name="TMP">/tmp</value><value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value><value name="TEMP">/tmp</value><value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value><value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value><value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value></value></section></workers></configuration>　　9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

　　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。


　　三、安装Nginx 0.6.31
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../


　　2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.6.31/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../


　　3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs


　　4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

　　输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
  use epoll;

  worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  charset utf-8;

  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush   on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers   4 8k;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;

  server
  {
      listen    80;
      server_name blog.s135.com;
      index index.html index.htm index.php;
      root /data0/htdocs/blog;

      if (-d $request_filename)
      {
          rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
      }

      location ~ .*/.php?$
      {
         include fcgi.conf;   
         #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
         fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
         fastcgi_index index.php;
      }

      log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
      access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
  }

  server
  {
      listen    80;
      server_name www.s135.com;
      index index.html index.htm index.php;
      root /data0/htdocs/www;

      if (-d $request_filename)
      {
          rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
      }

      location ~ .*/.php?$
      {
         include fcgi.conf;
         #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
         fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
         fastcgi_index index.php;
      }

      log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
      access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
  }

  server
  {
      listen 80;
      server_name status.blog.s135.com;

      location / {
         stub_status on;
         access_log  off;
      }
  }
}



　　②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

　　输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE  nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING    $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD   $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE    $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH   $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME    $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI    $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI    $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT   $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL  $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR    $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT    $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR    $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT    $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME    $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS  200;



　　5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


　　四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx



　　五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000  65000



　　使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p


　　六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　(2)、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


　　本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
　　http://blog.s135.com/read.php/351.htm