Oracle 11g RAC环境下的ORA - 19606问题

wheat

　　在刚刚接手Oracle时，这个问题困扰了我一段时间，现在将问题的解决过程分享一下
　　Oracle版本：11gR2
　　OS环境：Centos6.4
　　问题重现：
　　1. 接手数据库是写了一个备份脚本，脚本内容如下：
　　-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　# !/bin/bash
　　# Name: rmanbk_level0.sh
　　# Write by: Datura at 2014/11/11 v1.0
　　# Description: The script is used to make the zero level backup for the orcl Library
　　# The definition of the variable
　　lock_file=/tmp/rmanbk.lock
　　oracleid=`cat /etc/passwd|grep oracle|awk -F: '{print $3}'`
　　# Check the script to run or not
　　if [ -f $lock_file ];then
　　pid=`cat $lock_file`
　　ps $pid &> /dev/null
　　[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Script is running..." && exit 1
　　fi
　　# Create process lock
　　echo $$ > $lock_file
　　# Only allows the oracle to run
　　[ $UID -ne $oracleid ] && echo "Please run as oracle !!" && exit 4
　　# To set environment variables
　　export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
　　export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
　　export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
　　export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
　　export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
　　echo on
　　rman target /  msglog=/storage/script/log/rmanbk_level0_`date +%Y'-'%m'-'%d'-'%H':'%M':'%S`.log  report obsolete;
　　RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
　　RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 2 days
　　Report of obsolete backups and copies
　　Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
　　-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
　　Control File Copy     5      12-DEC-14          +DATA/orcl/snapc_orcl.f
　　RMAN> delete noprompt obsolete;
　　RMAN-00571: ====================================================
　　RMAN-00569: ===============ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
　　RMAN-00571: ====================================================
　　RMAN-03009: failure of delete command on c2 channel at 11/20/2014 09:03:14
　　ORA-19606: Cannot copy or restore to snapshot control file
　　RMAN> show snapshot controlfile name;
　　RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f'; # default
　　RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';
　　new RMAN configuration parameters:
　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';
　　new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
　　RMAN> crosscheck controlfilecopy  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
　　released channel: ORA_DISK_1
　　allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=80 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
　　validation failed for control file copy
　　control file copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f RECID=2 STAMP=863884566
　　Crosschecked 1 objects
　　RMAN> delete expired controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
　　released channel: ORA_DISK_1
　　allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=80 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
　　List of Control File Copies
　　=========================================================================================
　　Key     S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time
　　------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
　　2       X 17-NOV-14       67553950   17-NOV-14
　　Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f
　　Tag: TAG20141117T155602
　　Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
　　deleted control file copy
　　control file copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f RECID=2 STAMP=863884566
　　Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
　　RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
　　old RMAN configuration parameters:
　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f_bak';
　　new RMAN configuration parameters:
　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
　　new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
　　RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name clear;
　　old RMAN configuration parameters:
　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl1.f';
　　RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
　　4. 通过上面的常规操作暂时解决了问题，但没几天就会再次出现相同的问题
　　-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　RMAN-00571: ==========================================================
　　RMAN-00569: ================= ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===================
　　RMAN-00571: ==========================================================
　　RMAN-03009: failure of Control File and SPFILE Autobackup command on c1 channel at 12/12/2014 01:05:19
　　ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
　　5. 上面的常规操作只能暂时解决问题，不能解决根本问题，于是翻阅官方文档得到以下信息
　　-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　从11gR2开始，在备份控制文件时不再需要锁住controlfile enqueue
　　对于非RAC环境的数据库没有任何的改变
　　但是对于RAC环境，因为控制文件备份机制的改变
　　集群中的所有节点都必须能够访问快照控制文件，所以快照控制文件要对所有实例可见
　　如果快照控制文件没有放到共享设备上，当rman备份快照控制文件时就会出现以上的错误
　　6. 根据得到的信息做出如下调整
　　------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　RMAN> show snapshot controlfile name;
　　RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/storage/snap_control/snapcf_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T.f';
　　RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '+DATA/orcl/snapcf_orcl.f';   --也可以指定到对应的ASM磁盘组（磁盘组不支持通配符命名）
　　将控制文件快照放到共享存储之后就没有再出现上面的错误了
　　在出现问题时我们都习惯用自己的经验采用常规的手法去解决问题
　　但有时候翻阅官档是个不错的选择
　　虽然官档不能告诉你具体的操作步骤
　　却可以给予解决根本问题的正确指引
　　-------------------------------------------------------以上为个人观点阐述，如有不妥，欢迎指点-----------------------------------------------------------------------