分享我做的nginx+keepalived做的主主架构(一）

zjp0633 · 发表于 2018-11-8 10:44:17

　　最近帮朋友设计他们公司的系统架构，这是第2次进行帮他设计了，第一个是把他的lanmp架构（所有的应用与服务、数据库都在一个服务器里）改成1+1模式（nginx+mysql），最近由于他公司的名气上升，每天的在线数在4000-6000左右，并发最多能到9000左右，现有的架构有一些支撑不了，所有我又重新的帮他设计了一下。
　　我新设计的架构为dns（轮询）+nginx+keepalived（主主模式，2台服务器）+web（应用服务器2台服务器）+mysql（采用drbd+hearbeat+mysql，2台服务器），总共6台服务器，系统均为rhel 5.4 x86_64。
　　此篇文章既可以是一个完整性的架构，也可以是nginx+keepalived单主、双主模式负载均衡，nginx的反向代理，msyql的drbd+heartbeat+msyql的高可用，以及通过nfs来实现web服务器间的数据共享，分开与结合都是一篇很有深度的文章（个人认为

），所以我没有把这些用到的技术分开来写，通过一篇文章写能够给大家更好的理解，否则单个的描述可能会造成大家对单个技术能更好的理解，但对整体的不会有太好的了解（虽然我也想分开写，这样能多几个推荐

）。
　　下面是我做的架构图：

网络通信的过程如下：
1、用户想进行浏览www.netnvo.com网站的内容，先进行本地dns查看，是否有此网站的ip，如果没有则去上级dns进行查找；
2、如果找到，则跳转到相应的ip上；
3、请求到达负载均衡层时，根据相应的策略把请求分发到web服务器里；
4、web服务器接收到请求，进行处理并发送读写操作请求给数据库；
5、数据库收到读写操作请求，完成此项操作并反馈给web服务器；
6、web服务器收到反馈并发送处理完成的数据到负载均衡里；
7、负载均衡收到数据并发送给用户；
8、用户收到了数据，以一定的方式进行查看（不限于浏览器）；
下面是我具体的安装过程
一、负载均衡层
1、在test1与test2里安装nginx
可以使用我之前发的文章“模块化的安装lnmp脚本”来进行自动化安装nginx，博客地址为：http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/816542。
先进行下载lnmp脚本　　

[root@test1 tmp]# wget http://202.96.42.117/soft/install_lnmp.tar.gz

　　

先解压　　

[root@nginx1 tmp]# tar zxf install_lnmp.tar.gz
[root@nginx1 tmp]# ll
total 64456
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13767 Mar 25 01:23 install_lnmp.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65910919 Mar 25 01:24 install_lnmp.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 23 09:54 soft

　　

然后在检测是否安装lnmp　　

[root@test1 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_check
Sat Apr 7 03:29:46 MDT 2012 Start install!
========================== Check install ================================
Error: /usr/local/nginx not found!!!
Error: /usr/local/php not found!!!
Error: /usr/local/mysql not found!!!
========================== Check install ================================
Sorry,Failed to install LNMP!
Please check errors and logs.
Sat Apr 7 03:29:46 MDT 2012 Finish install!
Total runtime: 0 Seconds

　　

从输出看到没有安装lnmp软件
那现在我们进行nginx安装，在安装之前，先进行依赖库的安装　　

[root@test1 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh init

　　

然后在安装nginx　　

[root@test1 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_nginx

　　

完成之后进行检测　　

[root@test1 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_check
Sat Apr 7 04:48:05 MDT 2012 Start install!
========================== Check install ================================
/usr/local/nginx [found]
Error: /usr/local/php not found!!!
Error: /usr/local/mysql not found!!!
========================== Check install ================================
Sorry,Failed to install LNMP!
Please check errors and logs.
Sat Apr 7 04:48:05 MDT 2012 Finish install!
Total runtime: 0 Seconds

　　

可以发现nginx是安装完成　　

[root@test1 sbin]# curl -i 127.0.0.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: YWS/1.0
Date: Sat, 07 Apr 2012 10:08:39 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 151
Last-Modified: Sat, 07 Apr 2012 09:38:53 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!

　　

能打开nginx的首页了
下面是我为nginx负载均衡做的配置
nginx的配置为　　

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
upstream web1 ##定义负载均衡组为web1
{
ip_hash;
server 10.1.88.168:80;
server 10.1.88.177:80;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.netnov.com;
location / {
root /data/www;
index index.php index.htm index.html;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://web1;
}
access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
location / ###当后端服务器遇到500、502、504、错误与超时，自动将请求转发给web1组的另一台服务器，达到故障转移
{
proxy_pass http://web1;
proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.netnov.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}

　　

test2也跟test1一样安装，就不在进行重复演示了
2、安装keepalived
先下载
master端的（也就是test1）　　

[root@test1 src]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@test1 src]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@test1 src]# cd keepalived-1.2.2
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# make
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# make install
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@test1 keepalived-1.2.2]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@test1 tmp]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@test1 tmp]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/keepalived
[root@test1 tmp]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@test1 tmp]#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
denglei@ctfo.com
}
notification_email_from root@test1.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/tmp/monitor_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.200
}
}

　　

　　下面是监控nginx的脚本
　　

[root@test1 tmp]# cat monitor_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
sleep 3
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
fi
[root@test1 tmp]#service keepalived restart

　　

BACKUP端的　　

[root@test2 src]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@test2 src]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@test2 src]# cd keepalived-1.2.2
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# make
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# make install
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@test2 keepalived-1.2.2]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@test2 tmp]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@test2 tmp]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/keepalived
[root@test2 tmp]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@test2 tmp]#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
denglei@ctfo.com
}
notification_email_from root@test2.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/tmp/monitor_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
stateBACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.200
}
}
[root@test2 tmp]# cat monitor_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
sleep 3
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
fi
[root@test2 tmp]#service keepalived restart

　　

　　现在test1与test2的keepalived都安装完成，是单主模式的负载均衡，由于我想把网站做成负载均衡双主模式，所以我在test1与test2的keepalived.conf里做了修改：
　　test1里的
　　

global_defs {
notification_email {
denglei@ctfo.com
}
notification_email_from root@test1.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/tmp/monitor_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.200
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 90
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.201
}
}

　　

test2里的　　

global_defs {
notification_email {
denglei@ctfo.com
}
notification_email_from root@test1.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/tmp/monitor_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.200
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 101
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass eric
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.88.201
}
}

　　

这样主主模式的负载均衡就部署完成
二、web层的部署
1、安装nginx+php(fastcgi)
可以使用源码安装，也可以使用我的lnmp脚本进行安装
先下载模块化安装lnmp脚本　　

[root@test4 tmp]# wget http://202.96.42.117/soft/install_lnmp.tar.gz

　　

然后解压　　

[root@test4 tmp]# tar zxf install_lnmp.tar.gz

　　

然后安装nginx　　

[root@test4 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_nginx

　　

安装完成在进行php的安装　　

[root@test4 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_php

　　

都安装完成之后，进行检查　　

[root@test4 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_check
Sat Apr 7 04:48:05 MDT 2012 Start install!
========================== Check install ================================
/usr/local/nginx [found]
/usr/local/php [found]
Error: /usr/local/mysql not found!!!
========================== Check install ================================
Sorry,Failed to install LNMP!
Please check errors and logs.
Sat Apr 7 04:55:05 MDT 2012 Finish install!
Total runtime: 0 Seconds

　　

可以看到nginx与php都安装完成
现在开始安装数据库层
三、数据库层
安装drbd
1、修改hosts文件
test6的　　

[root@test6 /]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
10.1.88.175 test6
10.1.88.179 test7

test7的　　

[root@test7 /]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
10.1.88.175 test6
10.1.88.179 test7

[root@test6 ~]# yum install -y drbd83 kmod-drbd83 heartbeat*
[root@test6 ~]# rpm -qa|grep heartbeat
heartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el5.centos
heartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el5.centos
heartbeat-gui-2.1.3-3.el5.centos
heartbeat-devel-2.1.3-3.el5.centos
heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.3-3.el5.centos

　　

加载模块　　

[root@test6 ~]# modprobe drbd

　　

在test6与test7都查看是否加载成功　　

[root@test6~]# lsmod |grep drbd
drbd 298760 3
[root@test7~]# lsmod |grep drbd
drbd 298760 5
[root@test6/]# cat /etc/drbd.conf
#
# please have a a look at the example configuration file in
# /usr/share/doc/drbd83/drbd.conf
#
#
# please have a a look at the example configuration file in
# /usr/share/doc/drbd83/drbd.conf
global {
# minor-count 64;
# dialog-refresh 5; # 5 seconds
# disable-ip-verification;
usage-count no;
}
common {
syncer { rate 100M; }
}
resource db {
protocol C;
handlers {
pri-on-incon-degr "echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
pri-lost-after-sb "echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
local-io-error "echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
fence-peer "/usr/lib64/heartbeat/drbd-peer-outdater -t 5";
pri-lost "echo pri-lost. Have a look at the log files. | mail -s 'DRBD Alert' denglei@ctfo.com";
split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh denglei@ctfo.com";
out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh denglei@ctfo.com";
}
net {
# timeout 60;
# connect-int 10;
# ping-int 10;
# max-buffers 2048;
# max-epoch-size 2048;
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
shared-secret "MySQL-HA";
}
disk {
on-io-error detach;
fencing resource-only;
}
startup {
wfc-timeout 120;
degr-wfc-timeout 120;
}
device /dev/drbd1;
on test6 {
disk /dev/sda2;
address 10.1.88.175:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}
on test7 {
disk /dev/sda6;
address 10.1.88.179:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}
}

　　

把配置文件另传给test7一份　　

[root@test6 ~]# scp /etc/drbd.conf 10.1.88.179:/etc/
root@10.1.88.179's password:
drbd.conf 100% 687 0.7KB/s 00:00
初始化meta-data area：
[root@test6 ~]# drbdadm create-md db
md_offset 2730786816
al_offset 2730754048
bm_offset 2730668032
Found ext3 filesystem
2666788 kB data area apparently used
2666668 kB left usable by current configuration
Device size would be truncated, which
would corrupt data and result in
'access beyond end of device' errors.
You need to either
* use external meta data (recommended)
* shrink that filesystem first
* zero out the device (destroy the filesystem)
Operation refused.
Command 'drbdmeta 1 v08 /dev/sda2 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 40
drbdadm create-md db: exited with code 40

　　

出现这个问题使用 dd 指令将一些资料塞到 /dev/sda2后再执行 drbdadm create-md db（db是drbd.conf里设置的资源名称）指令即可顺利执行　　

[root@test6 ~]# drbdadm create-md db
Writing meta data...
initializing activity log
NOT initialized bitmap
New drbd meta data block successfully created.
success

　　

成功的完成了初始化meta-data area，在test7里进行初始化　　

[root@test7 /]# drbdadm create-md db
--== Thank you for participating in the global usage survey ==--
The server's response is:
you are the 2845th user to install this version
md_offset 2730754048
al_offset 2730721280
bm_offset 2730635264
Found some data
==> This might destroy existing data! ....................] sync'ed: 1.3% (2637836/2666636)K
finish: 0:03:00 speed: 14,400 (14,400) K/sec
[root@test7 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:SyncTarget ro:Secondary/Primary ds:Inconsistent/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:1328128 dw:1328128 dr:0 al:0 bm:81 lo:0 pe:8 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:1338508
[=========>..........] sync'ed: 50.0% (1338508/2666636)K
finish: 0:02:10 speed: 10,224 (10,216) want: 10,240 K/sec

　　

　　从test6的drbd状态看出：“ro状态现在变为“Primary/Secondary”，“ds”状态也变为“UpToDate/Inconsistent”，也就是“实时/不一致”状态，现在数据正在主备两个主机的磁盘间进行同步，且同步进度为1.3%，同步速度每秒14M左右。
　　
等一会在查看drbd的状态：
　　

[root@test6 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:2666636 nr:0 dw:0 dr:2666636 al:0 bm:163 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0
[root@test7 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:2666636 dw:2666636 dr:0 al:0 bm:163 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

　　

从test6与test7的drbd输出可知，磁盘状态都是"实时",表示数据同步完成了.现在把主机的drbd挂载到一个目录上进行使用.备机的DRBD设备无法被挂载,因为它是用来接收主机数据的,由drbd负责操作，也就是说如果test6为主机时，可以用/dev/drbd1挂载到一个目录，然后你可以进入那个目录里进行各种操作，test7为备机，那么test7就不能把/dev/drbd1挂载到一个目录，必须等得test7为主机的时候，才能把/dev/drbd1挂载到一个目录。
在挂载/dev/drbd1的时候，需要先给/dev/drbd1格式化文件系统　　

[root@test6 /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/drbd1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
333984 inodes, 666659 blocks
33332 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=683671552
21 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15904 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

　　

然后把/dev/drbd1挂载到/mnt目录下（这个目录可以随便指定）　　

[root@test6 /]# mount /dev/drbd1 /mnt

　　

然后进入目录查看内容　　

[root@test6 /]# cd /mnt/
[root@test6 mnt]# ll
total 16
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Mar 8 22:28 lost+found

　　

然后我们可以在mnt里创建个文件，看看是否能保存到备机test7的drbd里　　

[root@test6 mnt]# touch create_by_test6
[root@test6 mnt]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 8 22:32 create_by_test6
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Mar 8 22:28 lost+found

　　

然后到备机test7里查看是否有这个文件，这个操作也是drbd的主备机切换,你需要将drbd的主备机互换一下.如果不执行这个操作，你到备机test7里查看会发现/mnt目录里什么都没有　　

[root@test7 /]# cd /mnt/
[root@test7 mnt]# ll
total 0

　　

在主机test6上,先要卸载掉drbd设备，或者卸载/dev/drbd1挂载的/mnt目录
需要先退出mnt目录，然后在执行卸载，否则会出现umount: /mnt: device is busy　　

[root@test6 mnt]# cd ..
[root@test6 /]# umount /mnt

　　

然后使用drbdadm secondary db把主机变为备机　　

[root@test6 /]# drbdadm secondary db
[root@test6 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:2775056 nr:0 dw:108420 dr:2666773 al:38 bm:163 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

　　

现在test6变成了备机，我们接下来到test7里操作，使用drbdadm primary db，使test7变成主机　　

[root@test7 /]# drbdadm primary db
[root@test7 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:2775056 dw:2775056 dr:0 al:0 bm:163 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

　　

从test7的drbd输出可以看到，test7成为了主机
然后把drbd挂载到mnt目录下，查看是否有test6里建立的文件　　

[root@test7 /]# mount /dev/drbd1 /mnt
[root@test7 /]# cd /mnt
[root@test7 mnt]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 8 22:32 create_by_test6
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Mar 8 22:28 lost+found

　　

可以看出，test7成为主机时，收到了之前主机test6建立的文件夹。
现在drbd安装完成，我们继续安装heartbeat与mysql
2、安装heartbeat与mysql
前文已经yum安装了heartbeat所以现在就不安装了
1、查看heartbeat的配置文件ha.cf　　

[root@test6 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug #错误的日志
logfile /var/log/ha-log #日志
logfacility local0 #这个是设置heartbeat的日志，这里是用的系统日志
keepalive 2 #心跳的频率
deadtime 10 #死亡时间，如果其他节点10s回应，则认为死亡
warntime 5 #如果死亡之后，5s还没有连接则把警告信息写入日志里
initdead 120 #在其他节点死掉之后，系统启动前需要等待的时间，一般为deadtime的两倍
udpport 694 #用udp协议的694端口通信
ucast eth0 10.1.88.179 #另外一个节点的ip
auto_failback off #设置当死亡节点恢复正常之后是否重新启用；容易发生数据不一致的情况，必须项，不然后面hb_standby命令无法使用；
node test6 #节点名（通过uname -n查询）
node test7 #节点名（通过uname -n查询）
ping 10.1.88.254 #ping网关查看网络情况（当网络或者heartbeat失效是使用）
respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail #这里是配置ip绑定和切换的功能， ipfail就是控制ip切换的程序
apiauth ipfail gid=haclient uid=hacluster #控制ip切换的时候所使用的用户

　　

2、设置节点之间的通信密钥　　

[root@test6 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 crc

　　

3、使用heartbeat的haresources来定义资源　　

[root@test6 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ha.d/haresources
test6 IPaddr::10.1.88.199/24/eth0:1 mysqld_umount mysqld

　　

解释：
1）test6做为默认的drbd的primary机器（如果想指定哪个主机为drbd的primary则这里输入那台主机的uname -n的名字）
2）Ipaddr为/etc/ha.d/resource.d目录里面的一个可执行文件。resource.d里面的所有文件都是可执行的，如果不行，执行下面的指令
#chmod 755 -R /etc/ha.d/resource.d
3) 10.1.88.199/24/eth0:1是指定的heartbeat的VIP
4) mysqld_umount 定义的脚本
5）mysqld:这个也是/etc/ha.d/resource.d目录下的内容，就是mysql的启动程序。如果没有，可以执行下面指令
#ln -s /etc/init.d/mysqld /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld
三、安装mysql
可以使用源码安装，也可以使用yum安装，下面我使用的是源码安装（生产环境一定要是有最新稳定版的源码安装）
先下载模块化安装lnmp脚本　　

[root@test6 tmp]# wget http://202.96.42.117/soft/install_lnmp.tar.gz

　　

然后解压　　

[root@test6 tmp]# tar zxf install_lnmp.tar.gz

　　

然后安装nginx　　

[root@test6 tmp]# sh install_lnmp.sh install_mysql

　　

test7也是一样
在启动heartbeat　　

[root@test6 /]# service heartbeat start
logd is already running
Starting High-Availability services:
2012/03/14_21:36:50 INFO: Resource is stopped
[FAILED]
heartbeat[6579]: 2012/03/14_21:36:50 ERROR: Client child command [/usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail] is not executable
heartbeat[6579]: 2012/03/14_21:36:50 ERROR: Heartbeat not started: configuration error.
heartbeat[6579]: 2012/03/14_21:36:50 ERROR: Configuration error, heartbeat not started.

　　

如果发生这个问题，先查看你的系统是32还是64位的，如果是64位的，则在ha.cf
里respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail吧这个lib改成lib64；32位的不变。
启动之后，进入mysql，建立数据库db，然后建立表t，插入数据　　

[root@test6 resource.d]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| 2051 |
| lost+found |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> create database db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use db
Database changed
mysql> create table t (id int(10),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(001,"test1"),(002,"test2");
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | test1|
| 2 | test2 |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

　　

之后停止heartbeat，查看其它节点（test7）里是否有mysql的数据　　

[root@test6 /]# service heartbeat stop

　　

drbd已经变为从了，drbd1已经从database里卸载了　　

[root@test6 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:712 nr:316 dw:972 dr:6142 al:8 bm:3 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0
[root@test6 /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 375G 2.9G 353G 1% /
/dev/sda1 122M 18M 98M 16% /boot
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm

　　

在test7里查看drbd是否为主，drbd1是否装载了database　　

[root@test7 /]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.12 (api:88/proto:86-96)
GIT-hash: e2a8ef4656be026bbae540305fcb998a5991090f build by mockbuild@builder10.centos.org, 2012-01-28 13:52:25
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:316 nr:712 dw:1028 dr:3174 al:5 bm:3 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0
[root@test7 /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 349G 3.9G 327G 2% /
/dev/sda8 122M 18M 98M 16% /boot
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/drbd1 2.6G 89M 2.3G 4% /database

　　

从上面可以看到，test7已经变为主，drbd1已经挂载到了database了
进入mysql里查看db数据库、t表是否已交传过来　　

[root@test7 /]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| 2051 |
| db |
| lost+found |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> use db;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from t;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | test1 |
| 2 | test2 |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　

可以看到mysql已经收到了数据。这样我们的drbd+heartbeat+mysql已经实现了高可用的mysql数据库了。
注意：由于本文内容过多，超出了8万字限制，所以分出2章来描述，下面是第二章的地址：http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/835339

账号		自动登录	找回密码
密码			立即注册

Centos6.5×64安装配置openmeetings3.0.3详

大疆运维招人啦，

C++ :try 语句块和异常处理

C++的多态

Red Hat RHCE 8 (EX294) Cert Guide

Java/C++ 区别：看完这一篇，就够用！

别再用过时库了！这 13 个顶级 C++ 库才是

[经验分享] 分享我做的nginx+keepalived做的主主架构(一）

浏览过的版块

扫码加入运维网微信交流群