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[经验分享] Linux下架构高可用性网络

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发表于 2019-1-3 07:02:28 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  实验总拓扑:

  IP规划:
  Director1:     eth0      192.168.10.136/28
  eth1      192.168.11.2/24
  Director2:     eth0      192.168.10.135/28
  eth1      192.168.11.1/24
  web1            eth0      192.168.10.133/28
  web2            eth0      192.168.10.134/28
  注意:ip地址为:192.168.10.136/28的为主Director
  案例1:web的HA群集:
  拓扑图1:

  eth0网卡用Host-Only ,eth1 用vmware 2

  [root@gjp99 ~]# vim  /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@gjp99 ~]# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=xc.bj.com
  [root@gjp99 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1   localhost.localdomain  localhost
::1        localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.10.135  xc.bj.com
192.168.10.136  zz.bj.com
  [root@gjp99 ~]# hostname xc.bj.com
[root@gjp99 ~]# hostname
xc.bj.com
  exit 退出之后,重新ssh即可修改名字,否则,必须重启
  [root@xc ~]# 名称已经修改

  [root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=zz.bj.com
  同一个网段可以用scp来拷贝!
  [root@mail ~]# scp 192.168.10.135:/etc/hosts /etc/
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.135 (192.168.10.135)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 87:be:8b:a4:bd:11:11:10:c2:ec:2d:ef:02:68:f6:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.135' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.10.135's password:
hosts                                          100%  242     0.2KB/s   00:00   
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1   localhost.localdomain  localhost
::1        localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.10.135  xc.bj.com
192.168.10.136  zz.bj.com
  [root@mail ~]# hostname   zz.bj.com
  logout登出,再登陆即可
  [root@zz ~]# ping xc.bj.com
PING xc.bj.com (192.168.10.135) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from xc.bj.com (192.168.10.135): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.06 ms
64 bytes from xc.bj.com (192.168.10.135): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
  [root@xc ~]# ping zz.bj.com
PING zz.bj.com (192.168.10.136) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from zz.bj.com (192.168.10.136): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.668 ms
64 bytes from zz.bj.com (192.168.10.136): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.350 ms
  配置本地yum服务器:
  [root@xc ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[root@xc ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
  把本地yum服务器上的配置拷贝到zz.bj.com 的机器上:
[root@xc ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo zz.bj.com:/etc/yum.repos.d/The authenticity of host 'zz.bj.com (192.168.10.136)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 87:be:8b:a4:bd:11:11:10:c2:ec:2d:ef:02:68:f6:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'zz.bj.com' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@zz.bj.com's password:
rhel-debuginfo.repo                            100%  157     0.2KB/s   00:00
  [root@xc ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@xc ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@xc ~]# yum install httpd –y
  [root@xc ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@xc html]# echo "www.xcu.com">index.html
[root@xc html]# service httpd start  服务的启动是靠hearbeat调用的,这里仅供测试开启
Starting httpd:
[root@xc html]# yum install lynx –y
  [root@xc html]# lynx http://192.168.10.135 能够访问的到!
  [root@xc html]# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
  [root@xc html]# chkconfig --list |grep httpd    要保证其为off状态
httpd              0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
  [root@xc html]# chkconfig httpd off   默认把2345 off了!
[root@xc html]# chkconfig --list |grep httpd
httpd              0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off
  没省之前为: chkconfig --level 2345 httpd on
[root@xc html]# service httpd status
httpd is stopped
  另一台Director上操作如下:
  [root@zz ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@zz ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@zz ~]# yum install httpd –y
  [root@zz ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@zz html]# echo "www.zhengzhou.com">index.html
[root@zz html]# service httpd start
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@zz html]# yum install lynx –y
  [root@zz html]# lynx http://192.168.10.136
[root@zz html]# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@zz html]# chkconfig --list |grep httpd
httpd              0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off
[root@zz html]# service httpd status
httpd is stopped

  [root@zz ~]# yum localinstall -y heartbeat-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm libnet-1.1.4-3.el5.i386.rpm perl-MailTools-1.77-1.el5.noarch.rpm  --nogpgcheck
  需要用本地yum来解决依赖,所以,用localinstall  不检测数字证书nogpgcheck
  [root@zz ~]# cd /etc/ha.d
[root@zz ha.d]# ll
total 24
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  745 Jul 25  2009 harc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep  7 10:48 rc.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  692 Jul 25  2009 README.config
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep  7 10:48 resource.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7862 Jul 25  2009 shellfuncs
  [root@zz ha.d]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.4/
[root@zz heartbeat-2.1.4]# ls
apphbd.cf         faqntips.html        haresources         Requirements.html
authkeys          faqntips.txt         hb_report.html      Requirements.txt
AUTHORS           GettingStarted.html  hb_report.txt       rsync.html
ChangeLog         GettingStarted.txt   heartbeat_api.html  rsync.txt
COPYING           ha.cf                heartbeat_api.txt   startstop
COPYING.LGPL      HardwareGuide.html   logd.cf
DirectoryMap.txt  HardwareGuide.txt    README
  [root@zz heartbeat-2.1.4]# cp ha.cf /etc/ha.d/
[root@zz heartbeat-2.1.4]# cp haresources  /etc/ha.d/ 资源定义
[root@zz heartbeat-2.1.4]# cp authkeys /etc/ha.d/   双方身份验证
[root@zz heartbeat-2.1.4]# cd /etc/ha.d/
[root@zz ha.d]# ll
total 48
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   645 Sep  7 10:55 authkeys
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10539 Sep  7 10:55 ha.cf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   745 Jul 25  2009 harc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5905 Sep  7 10:55 haresources
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Sep  7 10:48 rc.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   692 Jul 25  2009 README.config
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Sep  7 10:48 resource.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7862 Jul 25  2009 shellfuncs
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim ha.cf
  95 bcast   eth1
  214 node  xc.bj.com
215 node  zz.bj.com
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim authkeys  通过md5
  auth 3
3 md5 889ace63c4d4dd2234a149eb187e3f4f
  [root@zz ha.d]# dd if=/dev/random bs=512 count=1
  产生的随机文件:没有of表示输入到屏幕上!
+>c.\.Y?Be?}1_v.K苌.E.躐Q?..    Pi.?吏" V?*?
            ??使???...$m?    ~vm雌.$.侥]bX c.?0+1 records in
0+1 records out
128 bytes (128 B) copied, 0.00155976 seconds, 82.1 kB/s
[root@zz ha.d]# dd if=/dev/random bs=512 count=1 |openssl md5
  把随机产生的文件用md5加密!
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
128 bytes (128 B) copied, 0.000253127 seconds, 506 kB/s
889ace63c4d4dd2234a149eb187e3f4f
  [root@zz ha.d]# chmod 600 authkeys
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim haresources  资源管理器
  45 zz.bj.com 192.168.10.137/28/eth0/192.168.10.143 httpd
  [root@zz ha.d]# cp /etc/init.d/httpd resource.d/
[root@zz ha.d]# scp ha.cf xc.bj.com:/etc/ha.d/
The authenticity of host 'xc.bj.com (192.168.10.135)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 87:be:8b:a4:bd:11:11:10:c2:ec:2d:ef:02:68:f6:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'xc.bj.com' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@xc.bj.com's password:
ha.cf                                          100%   10KB  10.3KB/s   00:00
  把刚才在zz.bj.com上的配置拷贝到xc.bj.com
  [root@xc html]# scp zz.bj.com:/root/*.rpm ./
root@zz.bj.com's password:
heartbeat-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm                 100% 1599KB   1.6MB/s   00:00   
heartbeat-devel-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm           100%  286KB 286.5KB/s   00:00   
heartbeat-gui-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm             100%  225KB 225.5KB/s   00:01   
heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm      100%  109KB 109.1KB/s   00:00   
heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm           100%   90KB  89.9KB/s   00:00   
heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm        100%  175KB 175.0KB/s   00:00   
libnet-1.1.4-3.el5.i386.rpm                    100%   55KB  55.5KB/s   00:00   
perl-MailTools-1.77-1.el5.noarch.rpm           100%   90KB  89.9KB/s   00:00
  [root@xc html]# yum localinstall -y heartbeat-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-10.el5.i386.rpm  libnet-1.1.4-3.el5.i386.rpm perl-MailTools-1.77-1.el5.noarch.rpm --nogpgcheck
  root@zz ha.d]# chkconfig --list |grep heartbeat
heartbeat          0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@zz ha.d]# chkconfig heartbeat on
[root@zz ha.d]# service heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services:
2012/09/07_11:30:10 INFO:  Resource is stopped          [  OK  ]

  [root@zz ha.d]# netstat -tupln |grep http
tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      7134/httpd
  本来http服务在两台机器上都是关闭状态,但是,由于这些服务都是资源,由heartbeat自动调用,所以,启动heartbeat后,它会自动调用这些资源!
  [root@zz ha.d]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Sep  7 11:32:39 mail ResourceManager[6883]: info: Acquiring resource group: zz.bj.com 192.168.10.137/28/eth0/192.168.10.143 httpd
Sep  7 11:32:39 mail IPaddr[6910]: INFO:  Resource is stopped
Sep  7 11:32:39 mail ResourceManager[6883]: info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.10.137/28/eth0/192.168.10.143 start
  访问资源测试:


  发现另一台设备则:
  [root@xc ha.d]# ifconfig |less  没有虚拟ip

  这台设备处于备份状态!
[root@xc ha.d]# service httpd status  服务关闭状态
httpd is stopped
  [root@xc ha.d]# watch -n 1 "service httpd status"
  隔一秒查看一下http的状态:
  模拟一个接口失效了!
  [root@zz heartbeat]# ./hb_standby
2012/09/07_12:01:22 Going standby [all].

  发现没有丢一个包,比较完美!
  发现xc.bj.com 机器上的http已开始启动!

  网页一刷新,便呈现出来!

  如果两台机器上放置的是同一个网页时,不会影响正常访问
  权利再夺过来!
  [root@zz heartbeat]# ./hb_takeover
  另一台机器的http服务立即就停止掉了!

  主服务的heartbeat一旦停掉,另一台自动启用,即资源也开始使用!
  [root@zz heartbeat]# service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services:
                                                           [  OK  ]
  [root@xc ha.d]# service httpd status
httpd (pid  12275) is running...
  [root@xc ha.d]# service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services:
  [  OK  ]
  案例2:HA+LB+lvs
  拓扑图2:
  LVS的HA群集:

  两台的heartbeat都停止掉了,即服务也停了!
  [root@xc ha.d]# yum remove httpd
  两台机器上都卸掉http
  [root@zz heartbeat]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[rhel-cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux cluster
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[root@zz heartbeat]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo xc.bj.com:/etc/yum.repos.d/
  两台机器都用:
  [root@xc ha.d]# yum install ipvsadm –y
  [root@xc ha.d]# chkconfig --list |grep ipvs
ipvsadm            0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off
[root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm status
ipvsadm is stopped
[root@xc ha.d]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.10.137:80 -s rr
[root@xc ha.d]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.10.137:80 -r 192.168.10.133 -g
[root@xc ha.d]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.10.137:80 -r 192.168.10.134 -g
[root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm save
Saving IPVS table to /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm:               [  OK  ]
[root@xc ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0         
[root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm stop
Clearing the current IPVS table:                           [  OK  ]
[root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm start
Clearing the current IPVS table:                           [  OK  ]
Applying IPVS configuration:                               [  OK  ]
[root@xc ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0         
[root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm stop
Clearing the current IPVS table:                           [  OK  ]
  把刚才的配置拷贝到192.168.10.136/28的机器 上!
  [root@xc ha.d]# scp /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm  zz.bj.com:/etc/sysconfig/
root@zz.bj.com's password:
ipvsadm                                        100%  136     0.1KB/s   00:00
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim haresources
  45 zz.bj.com 192.168.10.137/28/eth0/192.168.10.143 ipvsadm
  [root@zz ha.d]# cp /etc/init.d/ipvsadm resource.d/    控制脚本也拷贝过去
[root@zz ha.d]# scp haresources zz.bj.com:/etc/ha.d/   刚修改的东西拷到另一台机器上
  [root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm status
ipvsadm is stopped
[root@xc ha.d]# service heartbeat start
logd is already running
Starting High-Availability services:
2012/10/15_17:04:49 INFO:  Resource is stopped
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@xc ha.d]# tail -f /var/log/messages
  在其机器上查看:
  [root@zz heartbeat]# service ipvsadm start
Clearing the current IPVS table:                           [  OK  ]
Applying IPVS configuration:                               [  OK  ]
[root@zz heartbeat]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0
  [root@zz heartbeat]# service ipvsadm stop
Clearing the current IPVS table:                           [  OK  ]
  [root@xc ha.d]# service ipvsadm status
ipvsadm is stopped
[root@xc ha.d]# service heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services:
2012/10/15_16:44:39 INFO:  Resource is stopped
                                                           [  OK  ]
  [root@zz ha.d]# cp /etc/init.d/ipvsadm resource.d/
cp: overwrite `resource.d/ipvsadm'? y
[root@zz ha.d]# ifconfig |less
  发现已经有虚拟ip
  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:33  
          inet addr:192.168.10.136  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:9833/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:11573 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:10445 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:3679371 (3.5 MiB)  TX bytes:4107158 (3.9 MiB)
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:33  
          inet addr:192.168.10.137  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:3D  
          inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:983d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:5849 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4255 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1451433 (1.3 MiB)  TX bytes:1043240 (1018.7 KiB)
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2080
  [root@zz ha.d]# tail -f /var/log/messages
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm –ln    已启动起来了!
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0
  
备份机上查看状态:
  [root@xc ha.d]# watch -n 1 "ipvsadm -ln"

  主机上模拟接口失效状态:
  [root@zz ha.d]# cd /usr/lib/heartbeat/
  [root@zz heartbeat]# ./hb_standby
2012/09/07_14:19:11 Going standby [all].
  备份机上watch -n 1 "ipvsadm -ln" 立即转变

  ifconfig |less   多了vip
  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:1B:D6:40  
          inet addr:192.168.10.135  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe1b:d640/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:10387 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7743 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:3557930 (3.3 MiB)  TX bytes:945775 (923.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:1B:D6:40  
          inet addr:192.168.10.137  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:1B:D6:4A  
          inet addr:192.168.11.1  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe1b:d64a/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:6909 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8599 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1697015 (1.6 MiB)  TX bytes:2118388 (2.0 MiB)
  [root@zz heartbeat]# ./hb_takeover 权利夺回!
  备份服务器上已看不到vip
  备份机上watch -n 1 "ipvsadm -ln" 立即看不到列表

  后台服务器realserver1:

  [root@gjp99 ~]# sysctl -a |grep arp
dev.parport.parport0.devices.lp.timeslice = 200
dev.parport.parport0.devices.active = none
dev.parport.parport0.modes = PCSPP,TRISTATE
dev.parport.parport0.dma = -1
dev.parport.parport0.irq = 7
dev.parport.parport0.base-addr = 888    0
dev.parport.parport0.spintime = 500
dev.parport.default.spintime = 500
dev.parport.default.timeslice = 200
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_accept = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_announce = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_accept = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_accept = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_accept = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.proxy_arp = 0
  [root@gjp99 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_announce=2">>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@gjp99 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2">>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@gjp99 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=1">>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@gjp99 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1">>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@gjp99 ~]# sysctl –p
  net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1

  [root@gjp99 ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:                                [  OK  ]
  [root@gjp99 ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:10:D7:4F  
          inet addr:192.168.10.133  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe10:d74f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1177 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:130489 (127.4 KiB)  TX bytes:126400 (123.4 KiB)
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:560 (560.0 b)  TX bytes:560 (560.0 b)
  lo:0      Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:192.168.10.137  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
  临时创建路由:
  [root@gjp99 ~]# route add -host 192.168.10.137 dev lo:0
[root@gjp99 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.10.137  0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 lo
192.168.10.128  0.0.0.0         255.255.255.240 U     0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth0
  realserver2同理:
  测试:

  由lamp搭建的连接mysql 数据库的php页面!
  主director
  web窗口如果关闭ActiveConn为0

  由于是轮询方式,所以:
  后台服务器:一个mysql服务启动 (realserver1)     一个关闭(realserver2)




  [root@zz heartbeat]# pwd
/usr/lib/heartbeat
  [root@zz heartbeat]# ./hb_standby
2012/09/08_14:52:33 Going standby [all].
  另一台director立即启动ipvsadm,测试正常!
  ipvsadm动态列表(让前方的director主动去探测后台的服务器,如果后台服务器停止了服务,自己向外部提供服务)
  heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386 该包能够实现heartbeat与lvs完美结合,用来探测后台服务器!
  在director上安装此包!
  [root@zz ~]# service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services:
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@zz ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
  先上传该安装包:
  [root@zz ~]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm
warning: heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:heartbeat-ldirectord   ########################################### [100%]
[root@zz ~]# rpm -ql heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm
package heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm is not installed
[root@zz ~]# rpm -ql heartbeat-ldirectord
/etc/ha.d/resource.d/ldirectord
/etc/init.d/ldirectord       控制脚本
/etc/logrotate.d/ldirectord
/usr/sbin/ldirectord
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4/README
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4/ldirectord.cf
/usr/share/man/man8/ldirectord.8.gz
  [root@zz ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4/ldirectord.cf /etc/ha.d/
[root@zz ~]# cp /etc/init.d/ldirectord  /etc/ha.d/resource.d/
cp: overwrite `/etc/ha.d/resource.d/ldirectord'? n
  安装时,自动拷贝过去了!
[root@zz ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf
  11 # Global Directives
12 checktimeout=3   检测超时时间3秒
13 checkinterval=1   检测间隔
14 #fallback=127.0.0.1:80   后方服务器都探测不到,自己提供服务
15 autoreload=yes   无需启动,自动加载
  16 #logfile="/var/log/ldirectord.log"  日志文件
17 #logfile="local0"
18 #emailalert="admin@x.y.z"
19 #emailalertfreq=3600
20 #emailalertstatus=all
21 quiescent=yes   静默模式:如果后台服务器失效,ipvsadm表现不删除,只把失效服务器的权重值调小

  [root@zz ha.d]# pwd
/etc/ha.d
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim haresources

  45 zz.bj.com 192.168.10.137 ldirectord::ldirectord.cf
  现在可以把ipvsadm删除掉或者如下备份:
  [root@zz ha.d]# mv /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm  /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm.old
  在另一台机器上安装heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386 包
  [root@zz ~]# scp ./heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm  xc.bj.com:/root
root@xc.bj.com's password:
heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm      100%  109KB 109.1KB/s   00:00
  [root@xc ~]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm
warning: heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.4-9.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:heartbeat-ldirectord   ########################################### [100%]
  把刚修改的文件拷贝到另一台director上!
  [root@zz ha.d]# scp ldirectord.cf xc.bj.com:/etc/ha.d/
root@xc.bj.com's password:
ldirectord.cf                                  100% 7690     7.5KB/s   00:00
  [root@xc ~]# mv /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm  /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm.old
  两台director服务都启动:
  [root@xc ~]# service heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services:
2012/10/16_20:04:42 INFO:  Resource is stopped
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@xc ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Oct 16 20:04:43 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: Link xc.bj.com:eth1 up.
Oct 16 20:04:43 xc harc[5860]: info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
Oct 16 20:04:43 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: Comm_now_up(): updating status to active
Oct 16 20:04:43 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: Local status now set to: 'active'
Oct 16 20:04:44 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: Status update for node zz.bj.com: status active
Oct 16 20:04:44 xc harc[5879]: info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
Oct 16 20:04:55 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: remote resource transition completed.
Oct 16 20:04:55 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: remote resource transition completed.
Oct 16 20:04:55 xc heartbeat: [5853]: info: Initial resource acquisition complete (T_RESOURCES(us))
Oct 16 20:04:55 xc heartbeat: [5895]: info: No local resources [/usr/share/heartbeat/ResourceManager listkeys xc.bj.com] to acquire.
  [root@zz ha.d]# ifconfig |less
  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:33  
          inet addr:192.168.10.136  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:9833/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:5767 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4833 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:646738 (631.5 KiB)  TX bytes:754427 (736.7 KiB)
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:33  
          inet addr:192.168.10.137  Bcast:192.168.10.143  Mask:255.255.255.240
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
  eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:98:3D  
          inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:983d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   0      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   0      0          0
  因为ldirector.cf里用的是默认静默模式,只把Weight减少了,列表还在,没做任何处理!
  另一台director没有vip,也没用ipvsadm –ln 列表!
  后台服务器进行测试:
  [root@gjp99 ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
  [root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl stop
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[root@gjp99 bin]# netstat -tupln |grep http
  [root@gjp99 htdocs]# pwd
/usr/local/apache/htdocs

  [root@gjp99 htdocs]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6 Oct 16 11:38 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 Oct 16 12:16 index.php
[root@gjp99 htdocs]# echo "ok">test.html
[root@gjp99 htdocs]# cd ../bin/
[root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   0      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0
  发现权重值已发生改变!
  另一台机器:
  [root@gjp99 apache]# pwd
/usr/local/apache
[root@gjp99 apache]# cd htdocs/
[root@gjp99 htdocs]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6 Oct 16 11:38 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 Oct 16 12:16 index.php
[root@gjp99 htdocs]# echo "ok">test.html
[root@gjp99 htdocs]# cd ../bin/
[root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl stop
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0
  由于静默模式打开了饿,所以后台服务器即使失效,列表也不消失
  现在将静默模式关闭,测试:
  两台director上都进行修改:
  [root@zz ha.d]# vim ldirectord.cf
  quiescent=no
  模拟:停掉后台服务器192.168.10.133:
  [root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl stop
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0
  发现已动态呈现,列表中仅显示正在活动的服务器!
  [root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  服务再重启:
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0
  停掉后台服务器192.168.10.134:
  [root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl stop
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0
  [root@gjp99 bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjp99.baidu.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
  [root@zz ha.d]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.10.137:80 rr
  -> 192.168.10.134:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.10.133:80            Route   1      0          0




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