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配置一个postfix邮件系统，远比我先前的想象复杂。这次共配置2个postfix系统，花了不少精力，其间也经历不少麻烦，还好，最后都做成了！在配置过程中，参考了《postfix权威指南》和网上其他人写的文章，但在实际的配置中，完全按照这些文档还是不易顺利完成。现在此行文披露我做这个事情的全部过程，（在这还要多感谢老朱同志帮助经过我们半个月的努力才搞定的）希望对大家的工作有所帮助。还希望大家多多提宝贵意见！！ *运行环境RHEL5
本机IP为：172.16.17.86/16 自己为DNS服务器邮件服务器为本机名称为：mail.test.com
一、（1）配置rhel5的yum服务以方便安装常用软件 #service iptables stop #chkconfig iptables off #mkdir /media/cdrom #mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom #vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo 修改为以下内容： [rhel-debuginfo] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release （2）安装开发工具 #yum install gcc* 二、安装配置dns（bind）服务器 #yum install bind caching-nameserver bind-chroot #cp -a /etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf /etc/named.conf # vim /etc/named.conf 直接分别执行下面两个末行模式命令： :%s/127.0.0.1/any/g :%s/localhost/any/g 保存退出 # vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 文件末尾加入以下内容： zone "test.com" IN { type master; file "test.com.zone"; }; zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "16.172"; }; 保存退出 # cp -a /var/named/chroot/var/named/localhost.zone /var/named/chroot/var/named/test.com.zone #vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/test.com.zone 删除最下面两行写入下面两行： @IN MX 5mail.test.com. mailIN A172.16.17.86 保存退出 #cp -a /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.local /var/named/chroot/var/named/16.172 #vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/16.172 删除最下面一行，写入下面内容： 86.17INPTRmail.test.com. 保存退出 #service named restart #chkconfig named on #echo 'nameserver 172.16.17.86' > /etc/resolv.conf 验证解析 # nslookup >172.16.17.86 Server:172.16.17.86 Address:172.16.17.86#53
86.17.16.172.in-addr.arpaname = mail.test.com. >mail.test.com Server:172.16.17.86 Address:172.16.17.86#53
Name:mail.test.com Address: 172.16.17.86 >set type=mx > test.com Server:172.16.17.86 Address:172.16.17.86#53
test.commail exchanger = 5 mail.test.com. >exit 三、 四、安装mysql服务器（用数据库存储用户信息） http://downloads.mysql.com #groupadd mysql #useradd –g mysql –s /bin/false –M mysql #tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.22.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.0.22/ #yum install ncurses-devel #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --with-low-memory #make #make install #cp /usr/local/src/mysql-5.0.22/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf #cd /usr/local/mysql
#chown -R mysql:mysql .
#bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
#chown -R root .
#chown -R mysql var
#bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.0.22/ #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chmod 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chkconfig --add mysqld #chkconfig mysqld on #/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping mysqld is alive # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin version /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminVer 8.41 Distrib 5.0.22, for pc-linux-gnu on i686 Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL <?xml:namespace prefix="st1">?xml:namespace>Finland AB & TCX DataKonsultAB This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license
Server version5.0.22-log Protocol version10 ConnectionLocalhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket/tmp/mysql.sock Uptime:4 min 7 sec
Threads: 1Questions: 2Slow queries: 0Opens: 0Flush tables: 1Open tables: 6Queries per second avg: 0.008 #/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql –u root -p[f1]
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by 'password[f2]' with grant option;[f3] mysql>quit 配置库文件搜索路径 # echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/
#service mysqld restart
[f1]使用root用户连接mysql数据库默认密码为空
[f2]本地root密码
[f3]让root用户通过3066端口连到数据库让root用户通过3066端口连到数据库
五、安装openssl（基于密码学的安全开发包） www.openssl.org #tar -zxvf openssl-0.9.8h.tar.tar -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/openssl-0.9.8h/ #yum install zlib-devel #./config shared zlib #make #make test #make install #mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.OFF # ln -sv /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
# ln -sv /usr/local/ssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
# ln -sv /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 /usr/lib/libssl.so # echo "/usr/local/ssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v
检测安装结果
# openssl version openSSL 0.9.8h 28 May 2008
六、安装ssl（安全套接层协议） http://www.oracle.com/database/berkeley-db.html #tar -zxvf cyrus-sasl-2.1.22.tar.tar -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/cyrus-sasl-2.1.22/ #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sasl2 --disable-gssapi --disable-anon --disable-sample --disable-digest --enable-plain --enable-login --enable-sql --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql --with-authdaemond=/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket #cp /usr/local/src/cyrus-sasl-2.1.22/mac/libdes/public/des.h ./ #make #make install # mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.22 /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.22.OFF
# mv /usr/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2.OFF #rm –rf /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 #rm -rf /usr/sbin/pluginviewer
# rm -rf /usr/sbin/saslauthd
# rm -rf /usr/sbin/sasldblistusers2
# rm -rf /usr/sbin/saslpasswd2
# rm -rf /usr/sbin/testsaslauthd # ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/lib # ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/local/lib
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/include/sasl/* /usr/local/include
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/sbin/* /usr/sbin
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ # mkdir -pv /var/state/saslauthd 启动测试 # /usr/local/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam # /usr/local/sbin/testsaslauthd -u root -p password[f1] 0: OK "Success." 配置库文件搜索路径 # echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib/sasl2" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v 配置开机启动 #echo "/usr/local/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam">>/etc/rc.local
[f1]本地root密码
七、安装db库（嵌入式数据库系统） http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/berkeley-db/db/index.html #tar -zxvf db-4.7.25.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/db-4.7.25/build_unix/ #../dist/configure --prefix=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB
#make
#make install 修改相应文件指向 # ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include /usr/include/db4
# ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db.h /usr/include/db.h
# ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db_cxx.h /usr/include/db_cxx.h 配置库文件搜索路径 # echo "/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v 八、安装httpd（Web方式管理邮件） http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/binaries #tar jxvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.4/ #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-cgi --enable-so --enable-ssl --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-track-vars --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-suexec --with-suexec-caller=daemon --with-suexec-docroot=/var/www/extsuite/
#make
#make install
#echo "/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.local 九、安装php（Php 解释器，与apache一起使用） http://www.php.net #tar jxvf php-5.2.5.tar.bz2 –C /usr/local/src # mkdir -p /usr/local/php
# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.2.5
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-zlib
#make
#make install
#cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini #vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 修改以下内容（大约351行，添加后面两行，针对php支持） AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-source .phps （209行，将index.html改为index.php） <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php </IfModule> （147行，修改默认网站目录） DocumentRoot "/var/www" （174行，修改默认目录） <Directory "/var/www"> #mkdir –p /var/www #echo "<? phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/index.php # /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart httpd: Syntax error on line 99 of /etc/httpd/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so into server: /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied[f1] #chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so
[f1]和selinux有关，需要下面命令修改库文件类型
十、安装postfix（邮件帐号后台web管理工具） ftp://postfix.cn99.com/postfix/index.html #groupadd -g 2525 postfix
#useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
#groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
#useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /bin/false -M postdrop #tar zxvf postfix-2.6-20080824.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/postfix-2.6-20080824/ #make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/local/sasl2/include/sasl -I/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include-DUSE_TLS -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl ' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/local/sasl2/lib -lsasl2 -L/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -lssl -lcrypto' #make #cp /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.15 /usr/lib[f1] #make install install_root: [/]
tempdir: [/soft// postfix-2.4.5] /tmp
config_directory: [/etc/postfix]
command_directory: [/usr/sbin] /usr/local/postfix/sbin
daemon_directory: [/usr/libexec/postfix] /usr/local/postfix/libexec
data_directory: [/var/lib/postfix]
html_directory: [no] /var/www/postfix_html mail_owner: [postfix] mailq_path: [/usr/bin/mailq] manpages: [/usr/local/man] /usr/local/postfix/man newaliases_path: [/usr/bin/newaliases] queue_directory: [/var/spool/postfix] readme_directory: [no]
sendmail_path: [/usr/sbin/sendmail]
setgid_group: [postdrop] 生成别名二进制文件，这个步骤如果忽略，会造成postfix效率极低：
# mv /etc/aliases /etc/aliases.OFF
#ln -sv /etc/postfix/aliases /etc/aliases
#newaliases
#vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
修改以下几项为您需要的配置
myhostname = mail.test.com
myorigin = test.com
mydomain = test.com
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks = 172.16.0.0/16, 127.0.0.0/8
说明:
myorigin参数用来指明发件人所在的域名；
mydestination参数指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名，即您的postfix系统要接收到哪个域名的邮件；
myhostname 参数指定运行postfix邮件系统的主机的主机名，默认情况下，其值被设定为本地机器名；
mydomain参数指定您的域名，默认情况下，postfix将myhostname的第一部分删除而作为mydomain的值；
mynetworks 参数指定你所在的网络的网络地址，postfix系统根据其值来区别用户是远程的还是本地的，如果是本地网络用户则允许其访问；
inet_interfaces 参数指定postfix系统监听的网络接口；
注意：
1、在postfix的配置文件中，参数行和注释行是不能处在同一行中的；
2、任何一个参数的值都不需要加引号，否则，引号将会被当作参数值的一部分来使用；
3、每修改参数及其值后执行 postfix reload 即可令其生效；但若修改了inet_interfaces，则需重新启动postfix；
4、如果一个参数的值有多个，可以将它们放在不同的行中，只需要在其后的每个行前多置一个空格即可；postfix会把第一个字符为空格或tab的文本行视为上一行的延续； 启动postfix # /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix start #echo '/usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix start' >> /etc/rc.local #useradd test # telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1). Escape character is '^]'. 220 mail.test.com ESMTP Postfix ehlo mail.test.com 250-mail.test.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:root@test.com 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:test@test.com 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> subject:hello This is a test. . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 8BE805755A quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. #su – test $ mail Mail version 8.1 6/6/93.Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/test": 1 message 1 new & 1 Message 1: subject:hello Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2009 21:46:59 -0400 (EDT) To: undisclosed-recipients:;
This is a test.
& q Saved 1 message in mbox [f1]如果配置没有提示需要拷贝该库文件到指定位置
十一、为postfix开启基于cyrus-sasl的认证 使用以下命令验正postfix是否支持cyrus风格的sasl认证，如果您的输出为以下结果，则是支持的 # /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postconf -a cyrus dovecot #vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
最下面添加以下内容： ############################CYRUS-SASL############################
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
smtpd_banner = Welcome to our $myhostname ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
#vim /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
添加如下内容：
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
让postfix重新加载配置文件 # /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix reload # telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1). Escape character is '^]'. 220 Welcome to our mail.test.com ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available! ehlo mail.test.com 250-mail.test.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN 250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN [f1]250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN [f1]有这两行输出即可 十二、让postfix支持虚拟域和虚拟用户
#vim /etc/postfix/main.cf 文件最后添加以下内容： ########################Virtual Mailbox Settings########################
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox/
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:2525
virtual_gid_maps = static:2525
virtual_transport = virtual
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
##########################QUOTA Settings########################
message_size_limit = 14336000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please Tidy your mailbox and try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes #vim /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
写入以下内容： user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address #vim /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf 添加以下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
#vim /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf 写入以下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
#vim /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
写入以下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username 这里用到的数据库及用户的建立可以后文中的extmail说明部分来实现，您可以参照那一部分来理解这里指定的数据库及其用户名等
十三、安装courier-authlib（用于sasl用户密码的认证） www.courier-mta.org/authlib/ #yum install gdbm-devel #tar zxvf courier-authlib_0.61.0.orig.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ #cd /usr/local/src/courier-authlib-0.61.0.orig/ #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/courier-authlib --sysconfdir=/etc --without-authpam --without-authldap --without-authpwd --without-authshadow --without-authvchkpw --without-authpgsql --with-authmysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql --with-redhat --with-authmysqlrc=/etc/authmysqlrc --with-authdaemonrc=/etc/authdaemonrc CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations" CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations" #make #make install #make install-migrate
#make install-configure # chmod 755 /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon
# cp /etc/authdaemonrc.dist /etc/authdaemonrc
# cp /etc/authmysqlrc.dist /etc/authmysqlrc #vim /etc/authdaemonrc 修改以下三个配置项： authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
daemons=10 #>/etc/authmysqlrc #vim /etc/authmysqlrc 写入以下内容： MYSQL_SERVER localhost MYSQL_PORT 3306 MYSQL_USERNAME extmail MYSQL_PASSWORD extmail MYSQL_SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock MYSQL_DATABASE extmail MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password MYSQL_UID_FIELD '2525' MYSQL_GID_FIELD '2525' MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username MYSQL_HOME_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir) MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir)
# cp courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chkconfig --add courier-authlib
# chkconfig courier-authlib on
#echo "/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
# service courier-authlib start
十四、安装courier-imap（Pop3及IMAP服务） www.courier-mta.org/imap/ # tar jxvf courier-imap-4.1.0.tar.tar -C /usr/local/src/ # cd /usr/local/src/courier-imap-4.1.0/ #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/courier-imap --with-redhat --enable-unicode --disable-root-check --with-trashquota --without-ipv6 CPPFLAGS='-I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl -I/usr/local/courier-authlib/include' LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib' COURIERAUTHCONFIG='/usr/local/courier-authlib/bin/courierauthconfig' #make #make install # cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd-ssl.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd-ssl
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d-ssl.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d-ssl
配置Courier-IMAP，为用户提供pop3服务：
#vim /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d 修改下面配置项针对pop3协议支持
POP3DSTART=YES #mkdir -pv /var/mailbox
# chown -R postfix:postfix /var/mailbox
#cp courier-imap.sysvinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imapd
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imapd
#chkconfig --add courier-imapd
#chkconfig --level 2345 courier-imapd on
#service courier-imapd start #vim /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf 文件末尾写入以下内容
pwcheck_method: authdaemond
log_level: 3
mech_list: LAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
allow_plaintext: true
auxprop_plugin: mysql
sql_hostnames: localhost
sql_user: extmail
sql_passwd: extmail
sql_database: extmail
sql_select: select password from mailbox where username='%u'
#/etc/init.d/courier-authlib restart
未完待续.......
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发表于 2014-4-11 23:27:02
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