Windows Server Core在2008和2008R2的对比

panjianm

写作或者叫翻译的初衷：中文Technet结构有点乱（个人感觉），导致我看得有点蛋疼中文Technet中没有对2008和2008 R2进行对比！于是从英文Technet中摘出了自己感兴趣的部分。本人英文也不好，所以只能是用自己的话进行表述，但是保留了英文原文，读者可以自己看一下！由于文章太长就不每句都翻译了，但是关键地方基本都写了！本人水平有限，还请网友不吝赐教！先行谢过！ Q:What is server core?　　A:Server core is a version of windows server 2008 which does not provide a GUI desktop!
　　Server core only have the command shell and only do basic configuration tasks locally!
　　A Server Core installation requires only about 3.5 gigabytes (GB) of disk space to install and approximately 3 GB for operations after the installation.（3.5GB即可进行安装，3GB即可正常运行）
Q：When shoud i need server core?什么时候使用server core　　A:Shoud be used when you have limited hardware or need increased security
　　在有限的硬件条件下使用server core，或者是为了高安全性时使用。
　　Windows server 2008 Server core特点
　　A server running a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 supports the following server roles:
　　能够运行在windows server 2008 core模式下的服务器角色
　　1. Active directory domain services（AD DS）
　　2. Active lightweight directory services （AD LDS）
　　3. DHCP Server
　　4. Web server （IIS）
　　5. Hyper-v
　　6. DNS
　　7. File services
　　8. Print service
　　9. Streaming Media Services （流媒体服务）
　　After the Server Core installation is complete and the server is configured, you can install one or more optional features（可选功能）. The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 supports the following optional features:
　　(能够在windows server 2008 core中添加的可选功能)

1.    Failover Clustering（故障转移群集）

2.    Network Load Balancing（网络负载平衡）

3.    Subsystem for UNIX-based applications(基于 UNIX 应用程序的子系统)

4.    Windows Server Backup(备份)

5.    Multipath IO(多路径IO)

6.    Removable Storage(可移动存储)

7.    BitLocker Drive Encryption(驱动器加密)

8.    Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

9.    Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

10.  Telnet client(远程连接)11.  QWAVE(下一代TCP/IP栈，不懂！有网友懂还请赐教) Note：　　Failover Clustering is not available in Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition.（标准版不支持故障转移群集）
　　In Server Core installations of Windows Server 2008 R2, the Removable Storage feature has been removed. You can also remotely manage a Server Core server using Server Manager.（在2008 R2中不再支持可移动存储功能。汗！）

The following procedure describes how to install these features on a server running a Server Core installation

下面开始介绍怎么安装这些功能 Prerequisites for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation （先决条件）The following optional features require appropriate hardware:(下面这些功能需要对应的硬件支持才能实现)

• Failover      Clustering
  
• Network      Load Balancing
  
• Multipath      IO
  
• Removable      Storage
  
• BitLocker      Drive Encryption
  

There are no prerequisites for the following optional features:（下面这些功能不需要先决条件，只需进行配置）

• Subsystem      for UNIX-based applications
  
• Windows      Server Backup
  
• Simple      Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  
• Windows      Internet Name Service (WINS)
  
• Telnet      client
  
• QWAVE
  

Known issues for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation（server 2008中已知错误）　　There are no known issues for installing an optional feature on a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008.（没有！！-_-!!）
Steps for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation（每个功能的安装步骤）　　To install an optional feature on a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008, perform the following procedure.
Note 　　The Ocsetup.exe syntax is case sensitive so be sure to follow the examples explicitly.（让我们谨慎使用Ocsetup.exe命令！）
Available optional features　　To discover the available optional features, open a command prompt and type the following:
　　（查看可用功能和角色的命令，并且可以显现已安装的角色和功能）
Oclist　　This command lists the server roles and optional features that are available for use with Ocsetup.exe. It also lists the server roles and optional features that are currently installed.
　　To install an optional features

• At      a command prompt, type:
  

　　start /w ocsetup <featurename>
　　Where featurename is the name of a feature from the following list:（把featurename替换为以下对应的名称）

·         Failover Clustering: FailoverCluster-Core

·         Network Load Balancing: NetworkLoadBalancingHeadlessServer

·         Subsystem for UNIX-based applications: SUACore

·         Multipath IO: MultipathIo

·         Removable Storage: Microsoft-Windows-RemovableStorageManagementCore

·         BitLocker Drive Encryption: BitLocker

·         Windows Server Backup:WindowsServerBackup

·         Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): SNMP-SC

·         Windows Internet Name Service (WINS): WINS-SC

·         Telnet client: TelnetClient

·         QWAVE: QWAVE

Note 　　To install the remote administration tool for BitLocker, type the following at a command prompt:（安装BitLocker远程管理工具执行如下操作）
　　start /w ocsetup BitLocker-RemoteAdminTool
Note　　To remove an optional feature, use start /w ocsetup with the appropriate role name and the /uninstall switch.
删除功能使用/uninstall选项进行操作 Windows server 2008 R2 Server  core特点　　A Server running a server core installation of windows server 2008 R2 support the following server roles:
　　能够运行在Windows server 2008 R2 core模式下的服务器角色
　　对比可以发现在windows server 2008 R2中增加了活动目录证书服务的支持
　　并对Web server和File services有了增强
　　1.       Active directory domain services（AD DS）
　　2.       Active lightweight directory services （AD LDS）
　　3.       DHCP Server
　　4.       Web server （IIS）
　　5.       Hyper-v
　　6.       DNS
　　7.       File services
　　8.       Print service
　　9.       Streaming Media Services
　　10.     Active Directory Certificate Services（活动目录证书服务）
　　11.     File Services (including File Server Resource Manager)
　　More: http://www.microsoft.com/china/technet/itsolutions/msit/valuecard/msfsrmvc.mspx
　　12.     Web Server (including a subset of ASP.NET)

After the Server Core installation is complete and the server is configured, you can install one or more optional features. The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 R2 supports the following optional features:

• Failover      Clustering
  
• Network      Load Balancing
  
• Subsystem      for UNIX-based applications
  
• Windows      Server Backup
  
• Multipath      IO
  
• BitLocker      Drive Encryption
  
• Simple      Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  
• Windows      Internet Name Service (WINS)
  
• Telnet      client
  
• QWAVE
  
• Subset      of .NET Framework 2.0
  
• Subset      of .NET Framework 3.0 and 3.5
  

下面列出的都是.net3.0和3.5的详细功能，在下非开发人员，看不怎么懂！sorry

Windows Communication Framework (WCF)

Windows Workflow Framework (WF)

LINQ

Windows PowerShell

Server Manager cmdlets

Best Practices Analyzer (BPA) cmdlets

• WoW64
  
• 32-bit      support for the Input Method Editor
  

Prerequisites for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 R2(先决条件)The following optional features require appropriate hardware:（与windows server 2008没有区别，不再赘述）

• Failover      Clustering
  
• Network      Load Balancing
  
• Multipath      IO
  
• BitLocker      Drive Encryption
  

There are no prerequisites for the following optional features:（可以在windows server 2008 R2 core模式下的附加功能）

• Subsystem      for UNIX-based applications
  
• Windows      Server Backup
  
• Simple      Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  
• Windows      Internet Name Service (WINS)
  
• Telnet      client
  
• QWAVE
  
• BranchCache
  
• .NET      Framework
  
• Windows      PowerShell
  
• WoW64
  
• IME      support
  
• Windows      Server Migration Tools
  

Known issues for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation（R2已知问题;)这个可以有！……）　　You can install .NET Framework 3.0 and 3.5 functionality, but WPF is not available.(wpf功能不支持。)
　　The following .NET Framework namespaces are not available in Server Core installations:
　　（在下非开发人员，看不懂！sorry，貌似是说不支持下列.net 的功能）

• System.Data.Design
  
• System.Deployment.Application
  
• System.Diagnostics.Design
  
• System.Media
  
• System.Messaging.*
  
• System.Speech.*
  
• System.Web.UI.Design.*      (although runtime support for expression builders is supported)
  
• System.Windows.*
  
• UIAutomationClientsideProviders
  
• Microsoft.Aspnet.Snapin
  
• Microsoft.Ink
  
• Microsoft.ManagementConsole.*
  
• Microsoft.StylusInput.*
  
• Microsoft.VisualBasic.Compatibility.VB6
  
• Microsoft.Windows.Themes
  
• Microsoft.WindowsCE.Forms
  
• Microsoft.WindowsMobile.DirectX.*
  
• System.ComponentModel.Design.*
  

　　The standard installation of the Subsystem for UNIX-based applications, Windows PowerShell, and .NET Framework 2.0, 3.0, and 3.5 does not include 32-bit support. If you need 32-bit support, install the WoW64 feature.(不支持32位，如果需要请安装WoW64)
Steps for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation（怎么在R2中安装附加功能）　　To install an optional feature on a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 R2, perform the following procedure.
Note 　　The Dism.exe syntax is case sensitive so be sure to follow the examples explicitly.（谨慎使用Dism.exe命令）
　　（注意：命令变了，不是OCsetup.exe了而是Dism.exe）
Available optional features　　To discover the available optional features, open a command prompt and type the following:
Dism /online /get-features /format:table　　This command lists the server roles and optional features that are available for use with Dism.exe. It also lists the server roles and optional features that are currently installed.
　　To install an optional feature

• At      a command prompt, type:
  

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:<featurename> 　　Where featurename is the name of a feature from the following list:（不赘述，和上面差不多的方式）

·         Failover Clustering: FailoverCluster-Core

·         Network Load Balancing: NetworkLoadBalancingHeadlessServer

·         Subsystem for UNIX-based applications: SUACore

·         32-bit support for Subsystem for UNIX-based applications: SUACore-WOW64

·         Multipath IO: MultipathIo

·         Removable Storage: Microsoft-Windows-RemovableStorageManagementCore

·         BitLocker Drive Encryption: BitLocker

·         Windows Server Backup: WindowsServerBackup

·         Windows Server Backup Windows PowerShell cmdlets: WindowsServerBackupCommandlet

·         Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): SNMP-SC

·         Windows Internet Name Service (WINS): WINS-SC

·         Telnet client: TelnetClient

·         QWAVE: QWAVE

·         BranchCache: PeerDist, PeerDistHashP, and SMBHashGeneration

·         .NET Framework 2.0: NetFx2-ServerCore

·         .NET Framework 3.0 and 3.5 (installed together): NetFx3-ServerCore

Note(此注意事项是针对.net2.0的)　　1.To install the remote administration tool for BitLocker, type the following at a command  prompt:
　　（安装BitLocker的远程管理员工具请使用下列命令）
　　Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename: BitLocker-RemoteAdminTool

2.If you need 32-bit support: （如果需要支持32位请使用下列命令，R2没有32-bit版本）

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFx2-ServerCore-WOW64.

Note(此注意事项是针对.net3.0和.net3.5的)

If you need 32-bit support, run both of the following commands:

（如果需要支持32位，请运行下面的两条命令）

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFx2-ServerCore-WOW64

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFx3-ServerCore-WOW64.

·         Windows PowerShell: MicrosoftWindowsPowerShell

Note

If you need 32-bit support for Windows PowerShell, run（如果需要支持32位powershell运行下面的命令）

Dism /online/enable-feature /featurename:MicrosoftWindowsPowerShell-WOW64

·         Windows PowerShell Server Manager cmdlets: ServerManager-PSH-Cmdlets

·         Windows PowerShell Best Practices Analyzer cmdlets: BestPractices-PSH-Cmdlets

·         WoW64 is installed by default, but for your reference: ServerCore-WOW64

·         Input Method Editor 32-bit support: ServerCore-EA-IME-WOW64

·         Windows Server Migration Tools: ServerMigration

·         IIS Management Service: IIS-ManagementService

Note 　　Once you have installed IIS Management Service, to enable remote management of it, use Regedit.exe to find the HKLM\Software\Microsoft\WebManagement\Server key and set EnableRemoteManagement to 1. Then start the Management Service with the command net start wmsvc.
　　如果你安装IIS管理服务后，希望远程管理它，请使用Regedit.exe，找到对应注册表项并将所示值改为1。然后使用net start wmsvc命令启用管理服务。
Note 　　To remove an optional feature, use Dism /online /disable-feature /featurename:<name> with the appropriate feature name from above.（卸载方式）
Over！这里留个引子，还记得在文章开始，我们提到，在server core模式中，我们只能进行基本的管理么？如果我们需要进行更多的管理操作，需要使用远程管理的方式　　All additional management must be done romotely!
　　Romete MMC or command shell（远程MMC或者命令行）
　　为下一篇文章起个头！